Patient interface, system and method

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a patient interface, a system and/or method for providing a dedicated or sole inspiratory line or conduit for provision of inspiratory gases to a patient, and a dedicated or sole expiratory line or conduit for provision of expiratory 5 gases to a downstream device, where the inspiratory line or conduit is sealing engageable with the first of a user&#39;s nares and the expiratory line or conduit is sealing engageable with the second of the user&#39;s nares.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a patient interface, system and method,more particularly, though not solely, to a patient interface, system andmethod operable to provide for a gases therapy to a user or for whenpart of a medical breathing circuit or system.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Patient interfaces are utilised in medical breathing circuits to providea either a particular or range of gases therapies to a user (e.g. apatient receiving the gases therapy).

A patient interface, or a patient interface when provided as part of abreathing circuit, that is capable of being providing for specialisedgases therapies may provide the user of the interface or circuit, aswell as medical professionals, with alternative options for deliveringdesired gases therapy.

In this specification where reference has been made to patentspecifications, other external documents, or other sources ofinformation, this is generally for the purpose of providing a contextfor discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically statedotherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construedas an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, inany jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common generalknowledge in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a patientinterface and/or a patient interface as part of a medical breathingcircuit, which will go at least some way towards addressing theforegoing problems or which will at least provide the public with auseful choice.

In a first aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a first nasal interfacing component to be provided in fluidcommunication with a user's first nare, and an associated first conduitprovided for an independent and/or dedicated fluid connection with thefirst nasal interfacing component;

a second nasal interfacing component to be provided in fluidcommunication with a user's second nare, and an associated secondconduit provided for an independent and/or dedicated fluid connectionwith the second nasal interfacing component;

wherein one of either:

the first nasal interfacing component with said associated firstconduit, or

the second nasal interfacing component with said associated secondconduit

is configured as a sole inspiratory line or conduit or conduit fordelivery of a source of gases to one or a first of the user's nares, and

the other of the one of the first nasal interfacing component with saidassociated first conduit or the second nasal interfacing component withsaid associated second conduit, may be configured as a sole expiratoryline or conduit or conduit for receiving gases from the other one or asecond of the user's nares.

The first nasal interface component may be configured for interfacingwith or partial insertion into the user's first nare.

The second nasal interface component may be configured for interfacingwith or partial insertion into the user's second nare.

One or both of said first and/or second nasal interface components maybe configured for a non-sealing interfacing with the user's nares.

Alternatively, said first nasal interface component may be configuredfor either a sealing or a non-sealing interface or engagement with auser's nare.

Alternatively, said second nasal interface component may be configuredfor either a sealing or a non-sealing interface or engagement with auser's nare.

Alternatively, one of said first and/or second nasal interfacecomponents may be configured for either a sealing or a non-sealinginterface or engagement with a user's nare, and the other of said firstand/or second nasal interface components may be configured for either asealing or a non-sealing interface or engagement with a user's nare, oneor both of said first and/or second nasal interface components may be ofa different nare sealing capability or non-sealing capability or are ofthe same nare sealing capability or non-sealing capability.

The first nasal interface component may be configured for interfacingwith or partial insertion with the user's first nare and the secondnasal interface component is configured for interfacing with or partialinsertion with the user's second nare.

The first nasal interface component may be configured for substantiallysealingly engaging or interfacing with the user's first nare.

The second nasal interface component may be configured for substantiallysealingly engaging or interfacing with the user's second nare.

The first nasal interface component may be configured for substantiallysealingly engaging or interfacing with the user's first nare and thesecond nasal interface component is configured for substantiallysealingly engaging or interfacing with the user's second nare.

The first and second nasal interface components may each comprise of asealing member for substantially sealing with the nares of a user.Optionally, a sealing member may be provided in the form of nasalpillows associated with one or each of said nasal interface components.

The first and second nasal interface components may each comprise aseal.

Each of the first and second nasal interface components may be shaped orformed to substantially provide for a seal with the nares of a user.

The first and second nasal interface components may be nasal prongs, ormay be nasal interface components comprising of a seal, such as nasalpillows.

The patient interface may comprise a partition between the first nasalinterfacing component and the second nasal interfacing component.

The partition may provide for a fluid disconnection (this may bemechanical) between a fluid flow path of the first nasal interfacingcomponent and a fluid flow path of the second nasal interfacingcomponent.

The partition may provide for an adjustable or controllable mechanicalfluid connection and/or disconnection between a fluid flow path of thefirst nasal interfacing component and a fluid flow path of the secondnasal interfacing component.

The partition may comprise a valve. The valve may be a gate valve or abutterfly valve, or an optionally collapsible section of tubing.

The partition may provide for an adjustment of a bias flow of the sourceof gases to said first and/or said second nasal interface components.

A diverter valve may fluidly connect the source of gases to one of: thefirst conduit and the first nasal interface component, or the secondconduit and the second nasal interface component to provide theinspiratory line or conduit.

The diverter valve may fluidly connect gases received from one of thefirst or second nasal interface components via an associated first orsecond conduit to provide the expiratory line or conduit.

The associated conduit for an inspiratory line or conduit may beconnectable to an air source or another gases source, and the associatedconduit for an expiratory line or conduit is connectable to a downstreamcomponent or device.

A diverter valve may be operable to divert the source of gases to one ofthe first conduit and the first nasal interface component or the secondconduit and the second nasal interface component.

The diverter valve may be operable to divert a received gases from auser via one of the first nasal interface component and the firstconduit or the second nasal interface component and the second conduit.

A diverter valve may be provided for alternatively selectively directingthe source of gases to either one of the first conduit and the firstnasal interface component or the second conduit and the second nasalinterface component to operate as an inspiratory line or conduit, andfor selectively allowing the other one of the first conduit and thefirst nasal interface component or the second conduit and the secondnasal interface component to operate as an expiratory line or conduit.

The diverter valve may be used to selectively determine:

either the first conduit or the second conduit as the inspiratory lineor conduit for delivery of a source of gases to either the first nasalinterface component or the second nasal interface component, and

either the first conduit or the second conduit as the expiratory line orconduit for subsequent receipt of gases from either the first nasalinterface component or the second nasal interface component.

The diverter valve may be operable to allow the alternation of thedelivery of the source of gases to one of either a user's first nare ora user's second nare.

The diverter valve may be operable to allow the delivery of the sourceof gases in a synchronised manner with a user's nasal cycle (such as auser's natural alternation of increased or reduced congestion betweeneach of the user's nares).

The diverter valve may fluidly connect the expiratory line or conduitwith a downstream device (such as a CPAP bubbler or other devicecreating a back-pressure of the gases in the expiratory line orconduit), or connects to a return port of a gases source.

A detector of a pressure or a flow of gases in the expiratory line orconduit may be used as an indicator of a leak or a loss of gases therapybeing provided to the user.

A pressure or flow sensor may be provided in the expiratory line orconduit.

A signal responsive to a pressure or flow of gases in the expiratoryline or conduit may be generated by said pressure or flow sensor.

The signal may be indicative of a leak or a loss of gases therapy beingprovided to the user.

One or both of the first conduit and second conduit may benon-self-supporting or may be collapsible in the absence of a minimumgases pressure within said conduit or when the gases pressure withinsaid conduit is below a pre-determined threshold value, such as theconduit of an expiratory line or conduit.

A conduit in fluid communication with the expiratory line or conduit, orthe first conduit or the second conduit when provided as, or as part of,the expiratory line or conduit, may comprise an indicator. The indicatormay be capable of changing colour to provide a visual indicator of oneor more of the following characteristics or qualities of an expiratorygases: carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, pressure.

An inflatable balloon or diaphragm (or bladder) may be fluidly coupledto the expiratory line or conduit, the relative inflation of the balloonor diaphragm providing an indicator or indication of gases therapy beingprovided to the user.

A pressure sensor (such as a pressure gauge) may be coupled to theexpiratory line or conduit to provide a signal or indicator of thepressure provided to a user or a user's airway or of the gases in theexpiratory line or conduit.

The indicator may be a visual indicator of the pressure in theexpiratory line or conduit.

The signal may generate one or more of: a visual output, an audibleoutput, an alarm if a sensed pressure is above or below a thresholdpressure value.

A first sensor comprising of a pressure sensor may be associated withthe inspiratory line or conduit and a second sensor comprising of apressure sensor is associated with the expiratory line or conduit.

A difference in pressure between gases in the inspiratory line orconduit and gases in the expiratory line or conduit, or a measure ofaverage pressure across the user's nares, may be determined/measured.

A single pressure sensor may be provided for sampling the pressure in aninspiratory line or conduit and an expiratory line or conduit or from abias flow substantially at a bridge portion of said interface, saidsampled pressure providing for an approximation of a patient airwaypressure.

The patient interface may comprise a retention system for retaining saidinterface upon a user's face.

The retention system may be an associated two-part releasable connectionarrangement, such that said interface can be positioned upon the user'sface and removed and re-positioned as needed.

A first part of the two-part releasable connection arrangement may be adermal patch to be located upon a user's face, and a second part of thetwo-part releasable connection arrangement is an interface patch to belocated on a user-facing side of the patient interface.

The interface patch may be connected or attached to a user-facing sideof the interface, the user-facing side of the interface patch comprisingof a part of the two-part releasable connection arrangement beingreleasably connectable or attachable to an interface-facing side of thedermal patch, the interface-facing side of the dermal patch comprisingthe other of the two-part releasable connection arrangement and beingreceivable of the user-facing side of the interface patch.

The two-part releasable connection system provides for attachmentmechanism.

The attachment mechanism can be configured for securing a user interfaceand/or user interface tubing to a patient.

The attachment mechanism may support a nasal cannula on a patient oruser face, and/or may be adapted or modified to support a patientinterface or parts associated with a patient interface (such as anadaptor which may be utilised on combination with a patient interface)such as by including an extension portion attachable to a patch.

The attachment mechanism may provide for a more rapid and/or improved orsimplified ease of installation of a user interface into an operationalposition on a user. Such benefits may also contribute to improved orsimplified ease of application of alternative user interfaces or removalof a user interface from a user when cycling a user between differenttherapies (such as gas and/or medicament treatments, e.g. CPAP,high-flow, or medicament/aerosolized surfactant delivery applications).

In various embodiments provided by the two-part releasable connectionsystem or an attachment mechanism, such a system or mechanism mayprovide for quick location of an interface to a user, and may providefor the secured positioning of the interface.

The two-part releasable connection system or attachment mechanism mayprovide for a first level of securement of a user interface to a user.

Where a user requires additional or heightened security of userinterface positioning or securement, a secondary level of interfacesecurement can be utilized.

Optionally, such an additional level may include application of an overpatch. Optionally, such an over patch may be an adhesive patch and maybe installed over the top of the user interface and/or tubing or conduitor lines associated with the patient or user interface and can beadhered to a portion of the dermal patch.

The two-part releasable connection system or attachment mechanism maycomprise a two-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement.

The releasable connection arrangement can act between a pair of patchesthat are affixed to the patient or user and the user interfacerespectively.

A first patch can be a dermal patch that is adhered or otherwiseattached to the patient's skin.

The dermal patch comprises a user side that faces the user's skin and aninterface side that faces the user interface.

The user side of the dermal patch may be attached to the skin of a userby a dermatologically sensitive adhesive, for example such as ahydrocolloid.

The user interface side of the dermal patch can be provided with thefirst part of the two-part releasable attachment or connection system.

A second patch may be a user interface patch.

The user interface patch may comprise a patient or user side and aninterface or user interface side.

The patient or user side of the user interface patch may be disposedadjacent the dermal patch when the attachment mechanism or two partreleasable connection system is engaged.

The or a complimentary second part of the two-part releasable attachmentor connection system may be affixed to the patient or user side of theuser interface patch, such that respective parts of the two-partreleasable attachment or connection system are engageable when thepatches are brought together.

The interface or user interface side of the user interface patch can beaffixed to the user interface.

The user interface patch may be integrated with or suitably adhered tothe user interface.

A part or corner of the user interface patch may include a region thatdoes not attach to the dermal patch. Optionally, such a region (or tab)may be provided as a grip by a user or carer for removing or detachingthe interface from the dermal patch.

The two-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement or systemmay comprise one or more of: a hook and loop material (such as Velcro™)a magnet or an array of magnets disposed on the respective patches withthe poles suitably arranged, an adhesive arrangement that is activatedwhen the patches are urged together (such as a pressure sensitiveadhesive) or another suitable releasable suitable coupling.

The interface side of the dermal patch may comprise one of a hook or aloop material, and the patient or use side of the user interface patchmay comprise the other of the hook or loop material, such that thedermal and user interface patches are releasably attachable orconnectable to each other.

When a hook and loop material is referenced, a hook and loop materialcan mean any one of a wide variety of area type mechanical fasteners.For example, the Velcro™ product range can include hook and loop productwhere the hook component includes upstanding nylon hooks (formed as cutloops through a woven backing web) which engage with any complimentaryloop pile material. The Velcro™ range can also include extruded hookproducts, typically of a smaller size and which mate with “fluffy”non-woven fibre backing materials. These hook materials are designed towork with a range of loop substrates and in some cases, these hookmaterials act as loop substrates as well. Other similar systems includethe Dual-Lock™ reclosable fastener system from 3M of St Paul, Minn. USA.The common feature of these releasable fastening systems is that theyengage at any part of the contact between the two parts of the system.Precise alignment of individual connectors is not required because amultitude of connectors are distributed across the area of the product.A wide range of releasable fastener systems within this field may beused in the releasable attachment mechanism for providing releasableattachment between the dermal patch and the user interface.

The first part of the two-part releasable attachment or connectionsystem may be adhered to the user interface side of the dermal patchwith a suitable adhesive and may occupy up to 100% or less than about90%, or about 85%, or about 75%, or about 60% or about 50% or about 40%or about 30% or about 20% or about 10% of the interface side surfacearea of the dermal patch.

In some embodiments, the dermal patch may be a generally planar padhaving a thickness less than both its width and its length.

In some embodiments, the pad has an overall oval shape, but may takeother shapes.

The pad may comprise a first part of the two-part releasable attachmentmechanism or connection system.

In some embodiments, the construction of the dermal patch may be suchthat the first part of the releasable attachment mechanism or connectionsystem may comprise a substrate and a multitude of fastener elements(e.g. with effective hooks, effective loops or other elements) providedsubstantially across the area of the substrate.

The substrate may be secured to the body of the dermal patch.

In some embodiments, the substrate may be secured by an adhesive or by adirect bonding during forming of the dermal patch.

In some embodiments, the substrate may be smaller in area than thedermal patch and may be located on the dermal patch so that thesubstrate does not reach any edge of the dermal patch. In this way, forexample, the edge of the substrate can be spread from the edge of thedermal patch all around the perimeter of the substrate.

In some embodiments, the substrate for the first part of the two-partreleasable attachment mechanism or connection system can be flexiblesuch that the plane of the substrate may bend to follow a surface thatis curved in one direction.

The pad of the dermal patch may be stretchable and conformable tosurfaces curved in more than one direction, such as may be required toconform to the contours of the location of placement on the patient orfor example a user's face.

According to various embodiments described herein, a first part of thetwo-part releasable mechanism or connection system may be in or of aform wherein the portion of substrate may be divided by at least oneslit or at least one slot into regions, such that that different partsof the substrate portion may bend substantially independently and thusthe overall form of the substrate portion may deform to substantiallymatch a surface curved in two directions.

In another embodiment, the attachment mechanism or two-part releasableconnection system may comprise a dermal patch and a securing patch.

The securing patch may extend substantially over the user interfaceand/or tubing or conduit or lines and may adhere to the dermal patch tosubstantially secure the interface and/or tubing or conduit or lines tothe patient or user.

The dermal patch may define a securement footprint that is attached tothe patient or user.

The user side of the dermal patch may be configured to attach or adhereto the patient or user's skin.

The securing patch may extend substantially over the user interfaceand/or associated user interface tubing or conduit or lines and affixesto the dermal patch to secure the user interface to the patient or user.

The securing patch and the dermal patch may be configured such that thesecuring patch may be contained within or substantially bounded by thesecurement footprint of the dermal patch when the securement system isapplied to a patient or user with a suitable or compatible userinterface.

The dermal patch may comprise the same or a greater surface area thanthe securing patch.

The dermal patch may comprise one part of a two-part mechanical fastenersystem across its surface or parts of its surface, with the securingpatch comprising the other part of the fastening system.

The dermal patch may be sized to reduce the likelihood of the taping orany additional taping to extend onto the skin of the user.

It should be appreciated there are a number of disadvantages andproblems associated with the re-positioning of an interface,particularly an infant interface. Included is “snub nosing”, epidermalabrasion, or dermal allergies from traditional taping techniques forapplication of user interfaces (e.g. nasal cannula) to users. Suchproblems are also incurred during the cycling of a user betweendifferent treatment options and, traditionally, the subsequent removalof headgear or tapes or user interfaces and then the installation of newequipment and user interfaces or interface positioning headgear or othergear. Therefore, provision of a securement system which, when applied toa user, is in a ready-to-receive mode for receiving a user interface isa useful step in progressing toward reducing the problems users havepreviously been faced with. Further, improving the ease of installation,both in terms of complexity as well as time and effort by a carer (e.g.nurse), is of further benefit.

A securement patch may be shaped or otherwise configured to accommodategeometric or other features of the patient or user interface and/orassociated user interface tubing or conduit or lines.

The securement patch may comprise a plurality of wings that accommodatethe user interface tubing or conduit or lines and can increase thecontact surface of the securing patch exposed to the dermal patch.

The securing patch may comprise a pair of wings arranged at one end ofthe patch.

The wings may be configured to secure to the dermal patch on either sideof a patient or user interface and/or associated user interface tubingor conduit or lines. Optionally, this may assist in reducing thepotential for the securing patch to bunch about the interface and/ortubing or conduit or lines.

The securement patch may comprise a tube end wing. Optionally, the tubeend wing may be configured to extend substantially under the patient oruser interface tubing or conduit or lines and substantially affix to thedermal patch, thereby to link the ends of the securing patch.

The attachment mechanism as defined above may be used to secure tubingor conduit or lines to any part of a patient's body, including but notlimited to a patient's face, in particular, adjacent the user's upperlip and/or cheek. Neonatal applications may be of particular relevance.

The user side of the dermal patches may comprise of a dermatologicallysensitive adhesive (such as a hydrocolloid) that adheres the patch to auser's skin.

The dermal patch may have sufficient surface area to distribute theadhesive and interface retention forces over an adequate area of theuser's skin, such as a user's face, to reduce localized pressure buildup.

In some embodiments, there is provided a securement system forretaining, holding, or securing pressure and/or a medicament lumen, suchas a surfactant lumen or nasogastric lumen, in position on a patient'sface or body.

In some embodiments, a pressure lumen may be configured to be fluidlyconnected to a pressure tube or pressure port of a patient interface,and a medicament delivery port, such as a surfactant delivery port, maybe configured to be fluidly connected to the medicament delivery tube,such as a surfactant delivery tube or nasogastric tube.

In some embodiments, the securement system comprises a two-partreleasable attachment or connection arrangement.

The releasable connection arrangement can act between a pair ofcomponents that are affixed to the user or patient and the pressureand/or medicament tube respectively.

The two-part releasable attachment mechanism may optionally furthercomprise structures to retain the pressure and/or medicament tube. Insome embodiments, these structures may be a holder, clips, flaps, etc.

The two-part releasable attachment mechanism may comprise a panelconfigured to be folded onto a dermal patch so as to retain a tube.

The dermal patch and the panel may be coupled together at an edgeregion.

To couple the first and second parts of the two-part releasableattachment system together, the panel may be folded onto the dermalpatch to bring the patient or user side of the panel adjacent to theuser or patient interface side of the dermal patch to couple first andsecond parts of a two-part connection system together, optionally tocapture or sandwich a tube or conduit or line there between.

The two-part releasable attachment mechanism may further comprise a clipfor securing a pressure and/or medicament delivery tube, such as asurfactant tube.

The dermal patch for adhering to the skin of the user or patient maycomprise a securement clip that is attached to or integrally formed withthe dermal patch.

The securement clip may comprise a recess or cavity or channel forreceiving the tube. Optionally, the recess may open so that a section ofa tube or conduit or line may be pushed in a lateral direction withrespect to a longitudinal axis of the tube into the clip.

The recess may comprises of a lateral dimension similar to or less thana diameter of a tube or conduit or line so that said tube or conduit orline may be gripped firmly by the clip.

In one embodiment, the clip may be releasable from the dermal patch. Forexample, a two-part connection system or attachment mechanism asdescribed previously may be applied between the clip and the dermalpatch. Alternatively, the clip may be releasably attached to a patientor user interface.

In various embodiments, the two-part releasable attachment mechanism orconnection system may comprise a wing portion configured to wrap aboutand secure a pressure and/or a medicament delivery tube or conduit orline, such as a surfactant delivery tube.

Such a securement system may comprise a dermal patch for attaching tothe face of a patient or user. Optionally, the dermal patch may comprisea wing portion for wrapping about a tube or conduit or line once saidtube or conduit or line has been correctly positioned in a user orpatient's nostril.

The retention system may be a headgear. The headgear may be sizeadjustable for a user's head.

One or more medicaments may be deliverable to the inspiratory line orconduit or to a nasal interfacing component when provided as part of aninspiratory line or conduit. The one or more medicaments may be atomizedor nebulized or aerosolized for delivery into a flow of gases in theinspiratory line or conduit or into a gases flow path of a nasalinterfacing component when operable as part of an inspiratory line orconduit.

One or more medicaments may be provided into a flow of gases beingsupplied as an inspiratory flow to a user or patient.

A medicament delivery port may be provided in fluid connection orcommunication with one or both of the nasal interfacing elements.

A medicament delivery port may be provided in fluid connection orcommunication with a single or one of said nasal interfacing elements,and a said diverter valve operated or correctly matched so as to providea said source or supply of gases to the nasal interfacing elementassociated with the medicament delivery port, to thereby ensure one ormore medicaments is delivered or administered into a said flow of gasesbeing delivered as an inspiratory flow to the user or patient.

Alternatively, a medicament delivery port may be provided in fluidconnection or communication with two (or both) nasal interfacingelements, and a medicament diverter valve is operated or correctlymatched so as to divert the one or more medicaments to be delivered oradministered to a user or patient to a nasal interfacing element or theassociated line or conduit being supplied with a source of supply ofgases to the nasal interfacing element, thereby to ensure the medicamentis delivered into the flow of gases being delivered as an inspiratoryflow to the user or patient.

The one or more medicaments may be provided into a flow of gases beingsupplied to a nasal interfacing element selected as an inspiratory nasalinterfacing element. Optionally, a nasal interfacing element selectionmay be achieved by the use of a diverter valve upstream of the nasalinterfacing elements.

The one or more medicaments may be provided into a flow of gases beingsupplied to a nasal interfacing element selected as an inspiratory nasalinterfacing element. Optionally, a nasal interfacing element selectionmay be achieved by the use of a medicament diverter valve to selectivelydivert a delivery or administration of one or more medicaments via aport to a selected inspiratory nasal interfacing element.

Wherein a particular one of a pair of nasal interfacing elements of apatient interface may be selected as an inspiratory nasal interfacingelement by a diverter valve, the diverter valve may be suitablyassociated with or coupled to a mechanism, such as a medicament divertervalve, associated with a medicament port to selectively divert or directmedicament administered via a port to the selected inspiratory nasalinterfacing element.

Alternatively, a valve or a diverter valve or a selector may be operablyadjustable at a port or elsewhere on the patient interface for selectingone of the nasal interfacing elements, or an associated conduit with oneof the nasal interfacing elements, to be fluidly connected with the portto receive a medicament administered via the port. Optionally, a valveor diverter valve or selector allows for a matching or fluid coupling ofa line or conduit connected to the port with a nasal interfacing elementselected as the inspiratory line or conduit, for delivery of amedicament via the port to the user or patient.

The patient interface may be provided as part of a closed breathingcircuit.

The patient interface may be configurable to provide a continuouspositive airway pressure (CPAP) gases therapy to said user. Optionally,gases therapy to the user may include, but are not limited to, thefollowing: non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), Bi-level(BiPAP) or other ventilation strategies may be employed.

It should be appreciated the following additional types of gasestherapies may be used or incorporated for provision of a therapy to theuser, including but not limited to:

-   -   Pressure controlled ventilators, such as those manufactured by        Drager/Maquet/Hamilton.    -   Flow Driven (SiPAP) Ventilators with pressure feedback, such as        that using a flow driver.    -   Various (humidified) gases source with appropriate pressure        control on an expiratory line or conduit or associated conduit        or limb of such a part of a medical breathing circuit or system        (e.g. bubble, PEEP valve), including gases blenders,        Oxygen/medical gases bottle, high flow devices (including for        example the system manufactured by Fisher & Paykel Healthcare        Limited known as Airvo™, or CPAP blower blowers (including for        example the system manufactured by Fisher & Paykel Healthcare        Limited known as Icon™)    -   Humidifiers or other suitable gases conditioning may be provided        for the gases being delivered to the user.

The patient interface and system within which said interface may beassociated or provided in fluid connection therewith may be supplied orprovided with a source of humidification for said gases being deliveredto the user. Advantageously, the supply or provision of a source ofhumidification is important to assist with reduction of drying ordesiccation of the airway, for example in situations with a constantuni-directional flow across the nasal mucosa.

The sole expiratory line or conduit may be fluidly coupled to adownstream device configured to provide for a pre-determined or anadjustable back-pressure or a PEEP substantially at the opening of saidnasal interfacing component provided as the sole expiratory line orconduit for said user.

Each nasal interfacing component may comprise of a fluid pathway, thefluid pathway to be connected at one end by a said conduit providing forthe independent/dedicated fluid connection and at the other end by anopening for fluid connection with a user's nare with which a said nasalinterfacing component is to be sealingly interfaced.

The source of gases may be a pressurized source or the source ispressurized by an upstream device configured for providing an adjustableor controllable pressure of gases to the opening of a said nasalinterfacing component configured as a sole inspiratory line or conduit.

In a second aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a pair of nasal interfacing components, one of the pair configured forsole inspiratory gases delivery to one of a user's nares and the otherof the pair configured for sole expiratory gases received from the otherof the user's nares;

a valve operable to selectively control which one of the pair of nasalinterfacing components is to provide the inspiratory gases to the userand which one of the pair of nasal interfacing components is to receiveexpiratory gases from the user.

In a first mode, the valve may be operable to allow inspiratory gases tobe delivered to a first of a pair of nasal interfacing components andallows a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receiveexpiratory gases from the user;

and in a second mode, the valve may be operable to allow inspiratorygases to be delivered to a second of a pair of nasal interfacingcomponents and allows a first of the pair of nasal interfacingcomponents to receive expiratory gases from the user.

In a third aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a pair of nasal interfacing components, one of the pair configured forsole inspiratory gases delivery to one of a user's nares and the otherof the pair configured for sole expiratory gases received from the otherof the user's nares;

a valve, such as a diverter valve as described above, operable toselectively control which one of the pair of nasal interfacingcomponents is to provide the inspiratory gases to the user and which oneof the pair of nasal interfacing components is to receive expiratorygases from the user;

wherein in a first mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases to bedelivered to a first of the pair of nasal interfacing components andallows a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receiveexpiratory gases from the user;

and in a second mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases to be deliveredto a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components and allows afirst of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receive expiratorygases from the user.

In a fourth aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a pair of nasal interfacing components, to be provided in fluidcommunication with the nares of a user;

a bridge portion mechanically joining the nasal interfacing components;

wherein the bridge portion comprises a bridge valve, such as the valvedescribed above in relation to allowing for a bias flow, configured tofluidly connect each of the pair of nasal interfacing components.

Each nasal interfacing component may comprise of a gases pathway, at oneend of the gases pathway is an opening for fluid communication with thenare of a user, and at the other end of the gases pathway is anassociated conduit for extending the gases pathway.

The bridge valve may be operable to adjust or control a bias flow ofgases being delivered to a user.

A valve may be operable to selectively control which one of the pair ofnasal interfacing components is to provide the inspiratory gases to theuser and which one of the pair of nasal interfacing components is toreceive expiratory gases from the user;

wherein in a first mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases to bedelivered to a first of pair of the nasal interfacing components andallows a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receiveexpiratory gases from the user;

and in a second mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases to be deliveredto a second of pair of the nasal interfacing components and allows afirst of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receive expiratorygases from the user.

One of the pair of nasal interfacing components may be configured forsole inspiratory gases delivery to one of a user's nares and the otherof the pair configured for sole expiratory gases received from the otherof the user's nares.

In a fifth aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a first nasal interface component to provide a fluid connection with auser's first nare,

an inspiratory gases pathway in fluid communication between the firstnasal interface component and a gases source to provide inspiratorygases to the user's first nare,

a second nasal interface component to provide a fluid connection withthe user's second nare, and

an expiratory gases pathway to receive expiratory gases from the user'ssecond nare,

wherein the inspiratory gases pathway is mechanically disconnected fromfluid communication with the second nasal component.

In a sixth aspect, this disclosure relates to a patient interfacecomprising:

a first nasal interface component to provide a substantially sealedfluid connection with a user's first nare,

an inspiratory gases pathway in fluid communication between the firstnasal interface component and a gases source to provide inspiratorygases to the user's first nare,

a second nasal interface component to provide a substantially sealedfluid connection with the user's second nare, and

an expiratory gases pathway to receive expiratory gases from the user'ssecond nare,

wherein the inspiratory gases pathway is not in fluid communication withthe second nasal component.

In a seventh aspect, this disclosure relates to a method of delivering aunidirectional gases flow through a dedicated inlet nasal interfacingcomponent and communicating an exhaled flow away via a dedicated outletnasal interfacing structure, such that the gases flow turns or changesdirection within a user's nasal passage(s).

Both of the nasal interfacing components may be configured for sealingwith a user's nares.

The unidirectional gases flow may be selectively directed to either afirst nasal interfacing component or a second interfacing component, thenasal interfacing component selected becoming the dedicated inlet nasalinterfacing component, and the other of the nasal interfacing componentsbecoming the dedicated outlet nasal interfacing component.

A flow diverter may be operable to selectively divert the gases flow toeither of the first nasal interfacing component or the secondinterfacing component.

A partition or fluid path controller may be operable to facilitate afluid connection between each of the first nasal interfacing componentand the second interfacing component.

The partition or fluid path controller may be operable to control oradjust a bias flow of the gases flow being delivered to the nasalinterfacing components.

In an eighth aspect, this disclosure relates to a method ofadministering a gases therapy to a user comprising:

delivering a first flow of gases to a first nasal interfacing componentas an inspiratory flow, said first nasal interfacing component providedin fluid communication with a first of a user's nares;

receiving a second flow of gases from a second nasal interfacingcomponent as an expiratory flow, said second nasal interfacing componentprovided in fluid communication with a second of a user's nares;

controlling the expiratory flow.

The expiratory flow may be controlled according to any one or more ofthe following gases parameters: pressure, flow rate.

The expiratory flow may be controlled to provide for an upstreamparameter according to any one or more of: pressure, flow rate.

The parameter to be controlled may be that used to influences the gasespressure provided to or experienced by a user's airway.

The gases therapy delivered to the user may be a CPAP gases therapy.

The expiratory flow (or optionally the inspiratory flow) may becontrolled by or directed to one or more of:

a bubbler or a bubble CPAP device or another pressure regulator (such asa Positive End Expiratory Pressure (“PEEP”) valve), for regulation ofthe pressure provided to a user or experienced by a user's airway;

a ventilation or resuscitation device, such as for provision of any oneor more of the following gases therapies for the user, including but notlimited to, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), BiPAP, NiPPV;

a flow generation device or flow driver, such as for provision of adesired gases therapy for the user, including but not limited to, aSiPAP.

In a further aspect, there is disclosed a patient interface, a systemand/or method for providing a dedicated or sole inspiratory line orconduit for provision of inspiratory gases to a patient, and a dedicatedor sole expiratory line or conduit for provision of expiratory gases toa downstream device, where the inspiratory line or conduit is sealingengageable with the first of a user's nares and the expiratory line orconduit is sealing engageable with the second of the user's nares.

In various embodiments, a patient or user interface may be modified orconfigured to receive and/or secure an adaptor and any necessary tubing,such as medicament delivery tubing or nasogastric tubing.

The tubing may extend from one or both side(s) of the user's face.

In some embodiments, the user or patient interfaces as described aboveand the securement systems may comprise a dynamic interface to absorbthe patient's facial movements.

Such a dynamic interface may dampen the effect of facial movements onthe positioning of the patient interface about the patient's nose.

In some embodiments, a dynamic interface may comprise or incorporate oneor more hinges along the interface (or device) that react to facialmovements, both natural and forced, and external forces exerted on theinterface.

As used herein, the term ‘hinges’ refers generally to portions on theinterface that are configured to bend in one or more directions. Thehinges can be configured to bend in a predefined direction ordirections, and in some embodiments the hinges can be restricted frombending in certain directions.

In another aspect, a use or patient interface suitable for use with thevarious aspects above, may broadly consist in a patient interface, suchas a nasal cannula, comprising

a body to be positioned upon a user (preferably such as a user's face),

the body including at least one (and preferably a pair of) nasalprong(s), the or each nasal prong including a lumen capable of beingfluidly connected thereto for fluid communication with a supply ofbreathable gas, the or each nasal prong to be in a configuration eitherinserted into, or to direct a flow of gas toward, a nare or the nares ofthe user's nose,

wherein the body includes at least one element (optionally mechanically)responsive to force(s) or movement(s), or both, experienced by at leasta first region of the patient interface; optionally or alternativelywherein the body includes at least one element (optionally mechanically)responsive to force(s) or movement(s), or both, experienced by at leasta first region of the patient interface from being transferred to atleast one other region of the patient interface.

The element may facilitate the reduction in transfer of a force ormovement, or both, applied to at least a first region of the interfacefrom being transferred to at least another region of the interface.

The element may respond in a manner to localise the force or themovement, or both, experienced by the at least first region.

The element may respond to minimise or prevent transfer of the force orthe movement, or both, from the at least first region to at least oneother region of the patient interface.

The element may respond in a manner to maintain the at least one (andpreferably the pair of) nasal prong(s) in the configuration of insertionin a nare or nares of the user's nose, or in the configuration ofdirecting a flow of gas toward a nare or nares of the user's nose.

The response may be such that the at least one (or preferably the pairof) nasal prong(s) maintain a stable position within or adjacent to thenares of a user's nose to which the prong(s) is directed.

The response may be such that the interface maintains an operationalposition upon the user.

The force or movement, or both, experienced by at least a first regionof the interface may be either, or both, of:

an applied force(s) or a movement(s) between the nasal prong(s) and bodyof the patient interface, or

an applied force(s) or a movement(s) between the body of the patientinterface and the nasal prong(s).

The element may be deformable or deformed in response to the force ormovement, or both, being experienced by at least the first region of theinterface.

The element may have a predetermined or preferential mode of deformationin response to an applied force or movement, or both, being experiencedby at least a first region of the interface.

The element may be deformable by one or a combination of a compressionor a tension or a torsion or bending or other flexion.

The element may respond to the force or movement, or both, experiencedby at least the first region of the interface by one or a combinationof: changing shape, changing position, changing configuration ordeforming.

The element may comprise one or a combination of any of the following:

hinges, pivots, articulated joints or articulately connected portions ofthe body or portions associated with the body, swivels, ball-and-sockettype joints, pin-in-barrel type joints,

materials which are relatively less flexible than other portions of theinterface, materials which are relatively more flexible than otherportions of the interface, materials of characteristics which changeupon application of a force or movement, such as by increasing theirresistance to the applied force or movement (or both), or by reducingtheir resistance to the applied force or movement (or both), ormaterials which are elastically deformable in response to the appliedforce or movement (or both), or materials which are preferentiallydeformable in particular or predetermined geometries and yet which mayoptionally resistant to deformation in other particular or predeterminedgeometries.

The element may be one or more of the following:

a pivot (or swivel) or region capable of pivoting (or swivelling), or

a hinge or a hinged region or region capable of being hinged relative toanother component of the interface or another region of the interface,or

an articulation or articulated joint or region capable of beingarticulated.

The element may provide for a de-coupling of forces or movement (orboth) which is applied to at least the first region of the interfacefrom being transferred to at least one other region of the interface.

The element may be provided or is operable or works to prevent orminimise transfer of force of movement from the at least first region ofthe interface to at least one other region of the interface.

The element may be a structure or a mechanism of the interface or may bea region of the interface.

The element may be deformable about at least one axis or at least oneplane.

The element may be deformable about a preferential first geometry.

The element may be deformable by one or a combination of a compressionor a tension or a torsion or bending or other flexion.

There may be two or more elements located about the interface.

The elements may be connected together in a manner so as to provide fora combined response to the force or movement (or both).

The element may respond to the force or movement (or both) in adifferent mode, thereby providing for a combined response.

The elements may be operatively coupled to each other, or to otherportions of the interface to provide for a or the combined response.

At least one of the elements, or each such element, may be provided asone or more of:

an isolator or a region of isolation,

an absorber or a region of absorption,

a dampener or a region of dampening,

or the any other structure or mechanism providing for a reactiveresponse to a force(s) or movement(s) imparted to at least a firstregion of the patient interface from being transferred to at least asecond or another region of the patient interface.

The response of one or each element may be at least one (or acombination) of an isolation or an absorption or a dampening or areduction of the force(s) or movement(s) imparted to at least the firstregion from being transferred to at least one other region of thepatient interface during use by a user.

Such force(s) or movement(s) may be resultant from a user of theinterface changing their facial geometry to which the interface isretained or located or positioned, or such as by a user pulling orapplying a force or movement on or to the interface or an associatedheadgear thereof, or a breathing circuit or other componentry of theinterface applying a force or movement, such as by weighing down upon, aportion of the interface or a headgear associated thereof.

The applied forces or movement between the nasal prong(s) and body ofthe patient interface, or between the body of the patient interface andthe nasal prong may be resultant from changes in user facial geometry,such as during speech, eating, sleeping or other facial distortionsbetween relaxed and exaggerated conditions.

The at least one element, or at least one of the elements, may belocated in a bridge region of a nasal cannula patient interface, tofacilitate movement of the bridge region in response to a force ormovement or both (in addition, may be such as substantially adjacent theseptum region of a user).

The interface may comprise a plurality of elements utilised on their ownor in combination with other elements to provide for the response.

The at least one element may be a hinged portion located or positionedas a bridge between a left body portion and a right body portion, eachof the body portions together forming the body of an interface to belocated upon a user's face, such a hinged portion providing for apreferential region of deformation in response to at least a firstregion of the body or a portion of the body, experiencing a force ormovement (or both) resulting from a change in the facial geometry of theuser.

The patient interface may be substantially conformed or conformable tothe geometry of a user's face, such that the element responds to theforce or movement (or both) to substantially maintain the interface in apreferred therapy delivery configuration for a user.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a patientinterface, such as a nasal cannula, comprising: a pair of respectiveleft and right body portions, to be located, in-use upon a face of auser, and a bridge portion extending between each of the left and rightbody portions, a nasal prong extending from one, or each, of theinner-more ends of the respective left and/or right body portions, orextending from a region of one or both of the respective body portionssubstantially adjacent to the inner-more ends, the nasal prong to beinserted into, or to direct a flow of gas into, a nare or the nares ofthe user's nose, the bridge portion allowing movement of the respectivebody portions with the inner-more ends of the body portions beingbrought toward each another, yet resisting movement of the respectivebody portions with the inner-more ends being moved away from each other.

A displacement of the position of one or both of the left and/or rightbody portions, when the patient interface is in-situ upon a user's face,may be transmitted to the bridge in a manner so as to minimise movementof the prong or prongs in relation to the user's nare(s).

The bridge portion may extend and connect inner-more ends of therespective body portions.

The bridge portion may be a material that, in a direction extendingbetween the respective inner-more ends of the body portions, is able toundergo a compression and resists or withstands a tension appliedthereto.

The direction extending between the respective inner-more ends of thebody portions is a longitudinal direction extending along the respectivebody portions.

The bridge portion may comprise a textile material.

The bridge portion may be axially expandable/stretchable but resilientto resist movement of the respective body portions with the inner-moreends being moved away from each other.

A length of the bridge portion between a connection point on the leftbody portion and a connection point on the right body portion may belarger than a distance between the nasal prongs.

The bridge portion may comprise a flexible polymeric material.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a patientinterface, such as a nasal cannula, comprising: a pair of respectiveleft and right body portions, to be located, in-use upon a face of auser, a bridge portion extending between each of the left and right bodyportions, and a nasal prong extending from one, or each, of theinner-more ends of the respective left and/or right body portions, orextending from a region of one or both of the respective body portionssubstantially adjacent to the inner-more ends, the nasal prong to beinserted into, or to direct a flow of gas into, a nare or the nares ofthe user's nose, wherein one, and preferably both, of the respectivebody portions include a user facial contacting surface oriented relativeto the respective nasal prong such that, when in situ, a torsional forceapplied to the left and/or right body portions substantially retains thenasal prong(s) in, or in a position to direct a flow of gas into, thenare(s) of the user's nose.

Rotation of the body portion, or rotation of both body portions, towardsa user's face, may maximise a contact surface area between the facialcontacting surface(s) and the face of the user and locates the nasalprong(s) into, or in the position for directing the flow of gases into,the nare(s) of the user's nose.

The bridge section may be of a relatively smaller diameter than the leftand right body portions.

Each body portion may comprise a channel fluidly connected to therespective nasal prong at one end and open for fluidly coupling a gasflow path of a breathing circuit at an opposing end.

At least one, or each, of the left and right body portions may includean axially twisted facial contacting surface moveable between a relaxedposition and a torsioned position in which a surface area for locatingadjacent the user's face is increased.

The facial contacting surface may be axially twisted along a length ofthe body portion from an inner end of the body portion to an outer endof the body portion.

The facial contacting surface may extend helically along the length ofthe body portion.

The facial contacting surface, in the relaxed position, may face awayfrom a direction of extension of the nasal prong(s) at the distal end,and in the torsioned position, may face in the direction of extension ofthe nasal prong(s) and is substantially planar along a substantiallength of the body portion.

The nasal prong or the nasal prongs may be angled relative to therespective left and right body portions to exert torsion on the bodyportion upon insertion of the nasal prong(s) into the nare(s) of theuser's nose.

The facial contacting surface of the respective left and/or right bodyportion may be contoured to engage the user's facial cheek.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a patientinterface, such as a nasal cannula, comprising: a pair of respectiveleft and right body portions, to be located, in-use upon a face of auser, and a bridge portion extending between each of the left and rightbody portions, a nasal prong extending from one, or each, of theinner-more ends of the respective left and/or right body portions, orextending from a region of one or both of the respective body portionssubstantially adjacent to the inner-more ends, the nasal prong to beinserted into, or to direct a flow of gas into, a nare or the nares ofthe user's nose, and a series of discrete and separate facial contactingsurface(s) movable relative to each other to respond to force(s) ormovement(s), or both, experienced by facial contacting surface(s) and atleast partially alleviate the transfer of such force(s) and/ormovement(s) to the nasal prong(s).

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a patientinterface, such as a nasal cannula, comprising: a pair of respectiveleft and right body portions, each body portion to be located, in-useupon a face of a user, and a bridge portion extending between the leftand right body portions, and a nasal prong extending from one, or each,of the inner-more ends of the respective left and/or right bodyportions, or extending from a region of one or both of the respectivebody portions substantially adjacent to the inner-more ends, the nasalprong to be inserted into, or to direct a flow of gas into, a nare orthe nares of the user's nose, wherein the cannula includes at least onehinged region pivotable relative to another region of the cannula aboutat least a pair of substantially orthogonal axes, or along a pair ofsubstantially orthogonal planes, or both, to respond to force(s) ormovement(s), or both, experienced by the other region and at leastpartially alleviate the transfer of such force(s) and/or movement(s) tothe nasal prong(s).

At least one hinged region may be pivotable about three substantiallyorthogonal axes, or along three substantially orthogonal planes, orboth.

The bridge may comprise a bridge hinge adjacent the nasal prong orbetween the pair of nasal prongs.

The bridge hinge may be predisposed to have an acute curvature.

The bridge hinge may be predisposed to bend inward toward the user, anddownward away from the nare(s) in situ.

The bridge may further comprise a second hinge on one side of the bridgehinge, or a pair of opposed second hinges on either side of the bridgehinge and adjacent the nasal prong or nasal prongs.

The second hinge or each hinge of the pair of second hinges may bepredisposed to have an acute curvature.

The second hinge, or each hinge of the pair of second hinges may bepredisposed to bend upwardly towards the nare(s) of the user andoutwardly away from the user in situ.

The bridge may comprise a third hinge adjacent the left or the rightbody portion, or a pair of third hinges disposed adjacent the respectiveleft and right body portions.

The third hinge or each of the pair of third hinges may be predisposedto have an acute curvature.

The third hinge or each of the pair of third hinges may be predisposedto bend downward away from the nare(s) and outward away from the user insitu.

One end of the bridge portion may extend substantially orthogonally fromthe third hinge, or either end of the bridge portion extendssubstantially orthogonally from either one of the pair of third hingesand inwardly towards the facial cheek(s) of the user in situ.

Each body portion may comprise a facial pad contoured to engage a regionof the user's face.

Either end of the bridge portion may extend along at least a portion ofthe facial pad.

The bridge portion may be substantially hollow at least at either end ofthe bridge portion to transport a flow of gases there through.

Either end of the bridge portion may be configured to couple a gas flowpath of a breathing circuit.

The nasal prong, or each nasal prong, may extends from, and may befluidly coupled to, a respective end of the bridge portion.

The bridge portion may comprise an annular cross section along at leasta substantially portion of the length of the bridge portion.

The bridge may further comprise a fourth hinge adjacent the third hinge,or a pair of fourth hinges adjacent the respective pair of third hinges.

The fourth hinge or each hinge of the pair of fourth hinges may bepredisposed to have an acute curvature.

The fourth hinge, or each hinge of the pair of fourth hinges may bepredisposed to bend downwardly away from the nare(s) of the user andinwardly toward the facial cheek(s) of the user in situ.

Each body portion may comprise a facial pad contoured to engage upon aregion of the user's face.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a nasalinterface configured to stabilize prongs on a patient's face when forcesare exerted on the interface, the nasal interface comprising: anelongate body having an overall curvature that generally corresponds toa patient's facial profile, the body configured to be coupled to a gasesflow source and comprising at least one lumen extending at leastpartially through the body; a pair of prongs extending from the body andin fluid communication with the at least one lumen; and one or morehinges, at least one hinge disposed between the pair of prongs that ispredisposed to bend in a predefined direction.

The patient interface may further comprise one or more facial padsconfigured to rest on a patient's face.

The at least one hinge disposed between the pair of prongs may have acurvature that is generally inverted from the overall curvature of theelongate body.

The at least one hinge disposed between the pair of prongs may beconfigured to bend inward towards the patient's face.

The nasal interface may have a generally gullwing shape.

The nasal interface may have a wavy shape.

The nasal interface may have a curved space frame-like supportstructure.

The nasal interface may bend in more than one dimension.

The one or more hinges may comprise one or more of a notch, a variablecross-sectional area, a variable thickness, two or more materials withdifferent flexibilities, an elastic hinge that is configured to bepre-stressed before application to a patient, a barrel and pin, and/or aball and socket.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a nasalinterface comprising: an elongate body comprising at least one lumenextending at least partially through the body, the body configured to becoupled to a gases flow source; one or more prongs extending from thebody and in fluid communication with the at least one lumen; and one ormore hinges that are predisposed to bend in predefined directions;wherein the one or more hinges are configured to stabilize a position ofthe one or more prongs on a patient's face when forces are exerted onthe nasal interface.

The nasal interface may further comprise one or more facial padsconfigured to rest on a patient's face.

At least one of the one or more hinges may be located adjacent to orbetween the one or more prongs.

At least one of the one or more hinges may be configured to bend inwardtowards the patient's face.

At least one of the one or more hinges may be configured to benddownward.

The nasal interface may have a generally gullwing shape.

The nasal interface may have a wavy shape.

The nasal interface may have a curved space frame-like supportstructure.

The nasal interface may bend in more than one dimension.

The nasal interface may comprise two separate sides that are coupled byan over-strap bridge.

The one or more hinges may comprise one or more of a notch, a variablecross-sectional area, a variable thickness, two or more materials withdifferent flexibilities, an elastic hinge that is configured to bepre-stressed before application to a patient, a barrel and pin, and/or aball and socket.

In a further aspect, the patient interface as may be utilised with thevarious aspects described above, may broadly consist in a nasalinterface comprising: an elongate body comprising at least one lumenextending at least partially through the body, the body configured to becoupled to a gases flow source; and one or more prongs coupled to thebody and in fluid communication with the at least one lumen; wherein theelongate body has a shape that generally corresponds to an anatomicalcontour of a patient's or a group of patients' facial profile.

The group of patients may be one of premature babies, neonates, infant,paediatrics or adults.

The tubular body may be initially malleable.

The shape of the tubular body may be set through a hardening process.

With reference to the above various patient or user interfaces(including nasal interfaces), where a first and a second nasal prong ornasal interfacing element are noted as being provided in fluidconnection, it will be appreciated that the description herein providesfor a modification in which a valve or a ‘bridge valve’ may beimplemented to control flow or passage of gas between each of the nasalprongs or nasal interfacing elements. In this way, a bias flow betweenthe nasal prongs or nasal interfacing elements can be controlled. Forexample, such a valve at the bridge can be used to strop or prevent anyflow or passage of gas between the nasal prongs or the valve be operatedto allow for a flow or passage of gas between the nasal prongs. In thisway, a bias flow can be controlled for such interfaces.

The term “gullwing” as used in this specification means a shape thatcomprising of two crests (or crest-like regions) and a trough (ortrough-like region) located between such crests, or two troughs (ortrough-like regions) and a crest (or crest-like region) located betweensuch troughs, when viewed either as a top or bottom view of the patientinterface (for example when the sequence of respective crests or troughsare drawn as a line diagram). Such crests or troughs may transitionbetween each other in a relatively arcuate or curved manner. Optionally,such crests or troughs may be shaped or curved to substantially match orassimilate to facial contours or profile of a typical user's face.

The term “wavy” as used in this specification means a shape thatcomprises of a plurality of crests (or crest-like regions) and troughs(or trough-like regions), and comprising of at least one trough (ortrough-like region) or of at least one crest (or crest-like region)disposed between respectively a pair of crests (or crest-like regions)or at least one trough (or trough-like region) disposed betweenrespectively a pair of crests (or crest-like regions), when viewed fromwhen viewed either as a top or bottom view of the patient interface (forexample when the sequence of respective crests or troughs are drawn as aline diagram). Such crests or troughs may transition between each otherin a relatively arcuate or curved manner. Optionally, such crests ortroughs may be shaped or curved to substantially match or assimilate tofacial contours or profile of a typical user's face.

The term “space frame” as used in this specification means a structurethat provides for a substantially hollow scaffolding or supportingstructure upon or to which a gas delivery line or conduit may beconnected or otherwise attached or supported for delivery a gas to auser or a gas outlet of a patient interface (e.g. a nasal prong or pairof nasal prongs).

Where reference is made to a “pre-form”, such a pre-formed element meansan element that is manufactured or moulded or constructed or assembledso as to provide for a shape or configuration capable of providing for adeformed or displaceable response in a preferential geometry.

Where reference is made to a “preferential geometry”, this means apredetermined or preferred plane (or planes) or axis (or axes) ofhinging or bending or deforming or displacement.

Where reference is made to a “de-coupling”, this means that there is atleast a partial isolation or dampening or absorption (or some othermode), preferably a mechanical mode but not limited to this mode, inwhich forces or movements (or both) experienced or applied to a firstregion or part of the interface are at least minimised from beingentirely transferred to another region or part of the interface.

The term “comprising” as used in this specification means “consisting atleast in part of”. When interpreting each statement in thisspecification that includes the term “comprising”, features other thanthat or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related termssuch as “comprise” and “comprises” are to be interpreted in the samemanner.

This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts,elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification ofthe application, individually or collectively, and any or allcombinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, andwhere specific integers are mentioned herein which have knownequivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such knownequivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually setforth.

The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructionsof which the following gives examples only.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by way ofexample only and with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a patient interface.

FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a patient interface.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a patient interface when provided inconnection with a divert valve, and corresponding additional conduit influid communication with a source of gases and a downstream device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a close-up view of a diverter valve.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section through the diverter valve of FIG. 4illustrating how a vane of such a valve can be re-oriented to switch theassociated conduit beings supplied with a gases from a gases source G,and to switch the associated conduit being provided in fluidcommunication with a downstream device D.

FIG. 6 is the diverter valve of FIG. 4 in a disassembled state showinghow a vane is operable with the housing or body of a divert valve.

FIG. 7 illustrates a pressure measurement arrangement.

FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative nasal interfacing patient interface.

FIG. 9 illustrates the interface of FIG. 8 in more detail.

FIG. 10 illustrates the interface of FIG. 9 when worn by a user.

FIG. 11 illustrates a system incorporating the interface of FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 illustrates a further alternative to the interface of FIGS. 8and 9.

FIG. 13 illustrates another view of the interface of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 illustrates a system incorporating the interface of FIG. 12.

FIGS. 15A-15D illustrate an embodiment of an attachment mechanism forsecuring a user interface and/or user interface tubing to a patient.

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a securement system comprising atwo-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement.

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of the securement systemcomprising a two-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of the securement systemcomprising a two-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement.

FIGS. 19A-19B illustrate an embodiment of a fixation structureconfigured to secure the pressure lumen and/or surfactant lumen to theface of the patient.

FIGS. 20A-20C illustrate an embodiment of an attachment mechanismcomprising a dynamic interface.

FIGS. 21A-21C illustrate another embodiment of the attachment mechanismcomprising a dynamic interface.

FIG. 22 illustrates another embodiment of the attachment mechanismcomprising a dynamic interface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description is made with reference to the accompanyingfigures.

This disclosure relates to a system and/or apparatus and/or methodproviding a gases therapy to a user. In particular, though not limitedto, application of a gases therapy using a patient interface providedwith capabilities of directing or delivering a flow of gases from asource to one of a user's nare as an inspiratory flow, and collectingand directing a flow of gases from the other of the user's nares as anexpiratory flow.

Advantageously, such a patient interface and/or system and/or method mayfacilitate one or more of the following:

-   -   clearance of airway dead space, reduction in airway dead space        (i.e. a user's physiological airway dead space),    -   reduction or substantial elimination of the dead space in a        patient interface (i.e. the interface's structural dead space        due to internal geometries or flow path of gases through the        patient interface),    -   ease of detection of gases delivery to a user or detection of an        intended gases therapy being delivered or provided to the user,    -   an alternative mode of delivering or providing a CPAP gases        therapy to the user,    -   a mechanism for delivery of a medicament to a user's airway,    -   ability to provide, as part of a single patient interface, the        ability to provide a first mode or gases therapy to a user        (where two or both nasal interfacing elements are utilised to        deliver a flow of gases to the user/patient), and then in        another mode provide for delivery of an inspiratory gas to the        user/patient via a sole or dedicated nasal interfacing element        to a first of a user/patient nare, with the option to provide        for a bias flow between the inspiratory nasal interfacing        element and a second nasal interfacing element.

Reference to dead space in this specification can refer to either theuser's physiological (i.e. their airway) dead space, or to the deadspace which may exist in a patient interface. Reduction of dead space inthis context of both a user's dead space and that of the patientinterface providing for a particular gases therapy is desirable.

While patient interfaces, systems and methods disclosed herein may haveparticular relevance to neonatal users, it will be appreciated that theend users (or patients) may vary from neonate users to paediatric usersto adult users. As such, the various components such as conduit or nasalinterfacing components or other elements of a patient interface or thecomponents or devices provided as part of a system or for provision ofan intended method of particular gases therapy can be selected toprovide for appropriate gases flows, gases pressures, sealing forces(e.g. an adult user may be able to more comfortably wear a patientinterface or a suitable interface retention system providing higher orgreater sealing forces or higher gases pressures or higher gases flows,relative to younger users). It will also be appreciated the greatergases flows or pressures which may be needed for older users may not besuitable for younger users, as such the particular controls or demandson components or devices in the patient interface or the system may bedifferent. For example, larger bore conduit may be needed for deliveringgreater flow rates of gases to the user, while for younger user the flowrates may be less, so smaller bore conduit may be suitable, includingbut not limited to taking into account the resistance to flow (RTF) ofconduit that is to be used. Each of these kind of considerations can betaken into account depending on the user requirements.

The system, apparatus or method as described above can be furthermodified to control for a positive airway pressure type gases therapy tobe provided to a user. For example, a device provided in fluidcommunication with an expiratory flow or the nasal interfacing componentprovided as part of an expiratory line or conduit is operable to providefor a closed medical breathing circuit.

The system and/or apparatus and/or method of this disclosure alsoenables the selective provision or delivery of a gases source to one ofthe user's nares via a first nasal interfacing component, with theselective provision or receipt of collection of a flow of gases from theother of the user's nares via a second nasal interfacing component.

The system and/or apparatus and/or method of this disclosure alsoenables for a selective control of a bias flow of gases being directedto one nasal interfacing component of a pair of nasal interfacingcomponents of a patient interface. For example in a bridge region ofsuch a patient interface, a valve (referred to herein as a ‘bridgevalve’) is operable to adjustably control a fluid communication betweengases paths of each of the pair of nasal interfacing components.

Physiological (also known as anatomical) dead space is the portion ofthe airway that is shared by the inspiratory and expiratory flow pathsand thus can potentially be filled with CO2 at the end of the expiratoryphase, such that this CO2 will then be inhaled during the nextinspiratory phase or next inspiratory portion of the breath.

Structural dead space can be reduced by mechanical design, i.e., byreducing the portion of the interface that is shared by the inspiratoryand expiratory flow paths. The patient interface as disclosed herein invarious embodiments can entirely eliminate the shared portion. Inparticular, a traditional sealing cannula will have dead space in bothprongs and in the “bridge” (the gases flow path connecting the prongs toeach other). As described herein, the patient interface can beconfigured to have no gases flow path in the bridge. In addition, as thepatient interface as described herein provides for a gases flow that isunidirectional (and provided to a single nare of a user) there is noshared space in the prongs.

A patient interface and gases therapy (e.g. respiratory gases therapy)can also effectively reduce the anatomical dead space through managementof the gases flow, e.g. a higher bias flow rate or the jetting effect ofa traditional flow driver interface. This type of patient interface canreduce anatomical dead space by operating to effectively force all ofthe bias flow through the patient's airway, thus “washing out” CO2during and after the expiratory phase (as long as the bias flow rate ishigh enough to meet peak inspiratory demand).

The following provides additional disclosure and principles of suitablesystems and/or apparatus and/or methods for implementation of the above.

Bias flow is referred to as the minimum gases flow rate through thepatient interface during both inspiratory and expiratory phases. For atraditional interface, during the expiratory phase the bias flow passesstraight through the interface without reaching the patient. However,with respect to the patient interface as described herein, it ispossible to deliver 100% of the bias flow into the patient during bothbreathing phases.

The bias gases flow rate or bias flow rate is usually roughly constantfor a given pressure setting and should be at or close to peakinspiratory demand (the flow rate that will support the PIP), (beingpeak inspiratory pressure, which is the highest negative pressureapplied to the lungs during inhalation) to ensure positive pressurethroughout the breath cycle. That is, if the bias flow rate is too low,then at the inspiratory peak there will be negative pressure in thegases flow.

With a traditional interface, excess bias flow (above peak inspiratorydemand) has little effect on the patient. However, with respect to thepatient interface as described herein, excess bias flow may increasedead space flushing, which can decrease the respiratory rate. A lowerrespiratory rate may also decrease peak inspiratory demand, potentiallyreducing the bias flow rate needed to maintain positive pressure.

On the other hand, a reduced bias flow rate (that still meets peakinspiratory demand) may be beneficial to reduce likelihood of injury tothe patient's airway, and in the case of oxygen therapy reduce thelikelihood of retinopathy of prematurity as a result of oxygen toxicity.

In one embodiment, there is provided a patient interface 1 thatcomprises a first nasal interfacing component 2 to be provided in fluidcommunication with a user's first nare (not shown), and an associatedfirst conduit 3 provided for an independent/dedicated fluid connectionwith the first nasal interfacing component 2; and a second nasalinterfacing component 4 to be provided in fluid communication with auser's second nare (not shown), and an associated second conduit 5provided for an independent/dedicated fluid connection with the secondnasal interfacing component 4. In this arrangement, configured as a soleinspiratory line or conduit for delivery of inspiratory gases flow froma gases source G (not shown) to one of the user's nares is one ofeither: a) the first nasal interfacing component 2 with said associatedfirst conduit 3, or b) the second nasal interfacing component 4 withsaid associated second conduit 5. In this arrangement, configured as asole expiratory line or conduit for receiving gases from the other oneof the user's nares is the other of the one of the first nasalinterfacing component 2 with said associated first conduit 3 or thesecond nasal interfacing component 4 with said associated second conduit5. Such an embodiment may for example be of the type illustrated by FIG.1.

In another embodiment, such a patient interface may be of the type asfor example shown by any one of FIGS. 8-10, or when used in a system asshown for example in FIG. 11; or in another embodiment such as of thetype illustrated by any one of FIGS. 12-13, or when used in a system asshown for example in FIG. 14.

FIGS. 8-10 illustrate a part of a patient interface comprising of a pairof nasal interfacing components 116, 118. The nasal interfacingcomponents extend from a body portion 136 from a relatively flexiblesection 126. The nasal interfacing components are shown without a sealelement for providing a sealing capability with the user's nares, but itwill be appreciated as described elsewhere in this specification thatthere are a variety of sealing systems which may be used to modify sucha component. Each of the nasal interfacing components 116, 118 areprovided with an associated conduit 112, 142. The nasal interfacingstructures 116 and 118 may be large enough to form a seal with thenares. Alternatively the structures 116, 118 may include other sealingstructures as defined herein. For the purposes of this embodiment, it isnot necessary to specify which associated conduit is fluidly connectedwith which nasal interfacing component (as that may be a configuration adesign of the interface itself), however it will be appreciated thateach of the associated conduits 112, 142 are provided in direct (anddedicated/sole) fluid communication with one nasal interfacing componenteach. In this manner, the housing 138 may perform as a partitionedmanifold to ensure the separate and sole fluid connection between eachassociated conduit 112, 142 and the respective nasal interfacingcomponents 116, 118. Alternatively, the housing 138 may serve to providefor a relatively sturdy body configured to be capable of directing theindependent conduits 112, 142 to their respectively fluidly connectednasal interfacing components. In the embodiment shown, the associatedconduits 116, 142 are shown one behind the other, however as aside-by-side type arrangement is also envisaged (for example see thearrangement of FIGS. 12-13). A port 144 may optionally also be provided,for example this may allow for suitable sensors, detectors (as forexample described elsewhere in this specification) to be provided influid communication with one or other or perhaps both of the associatedconduits 116, 142 or very close to the nasal interfacing components 116,118 for pressure or flow sensing or detection purposes.

FIG. 9 illustrates the patient interface of FIG. 8 in further detail.The associated conduits 112, 142 are shown extending substantiallyupwardly away from the nasal interfacing components. Also shown is ahead-rest or support-type block 334. Incorporated into such a block 334may be the diverter valve 9 are described elsewhere in thisspecification. Such a diverter valve operable to switch the flow ofinspiratory gases from a source G to either of the associated conduits112, 142 to then selectively supply inspiratory gases flow to a singlenasal interfacing component (e.g. either of nasal interfacing components116 or 118). Such a diverter valve also then operates to selectivelyprovide for one of the nasal interfacing components and its associatedconduit to operate to receive a flow of expiratory gases from the userand direct that flow to a downstream device (D) (not shown). For thepurposes of this embodiment, a source of inspiratory gases flow may bedirected from a supply conduit via lumen 21 (which then enters the block334 and the diverter valve), while expiratory gases flow is directedthrough expiratory conduit via lumen 230. The additional conduit andlumen identified as item 156 in FIG. 9 may be a take-off for pressuremeasurement purposes.

FIG. 10 illustrates the patient interface 100 of FIGS. 8, 9 when worn bya user. A retention system in this instance is shown by a headgear 150.It will be appreciated that other forms of retention as described inthis specification and may be utilised in combination with the interface100.

FIG. 11 illustrates a patient interface 100 such as that of FIGS. 8-10used in the system as shown. Shown is a flow generator 18 for providinga flow of a source of gases G to a humidifier chamber 10 via an inlet 16for conditioning and subsequent exit at outlet 12. The humidifierchamber 10 comprises a humidification fluid (e.g. water). Heat isprovided to the humidifier chamber 10 via a heater base HB. Aninspiratory limb type conduit 21 may be used to transmit the conditionedgases to the interface 100. The conduit 21 may be optionally providedwith a heating system, such as a heater 20 which can be controlledaccording to the condition requirements of the gases for delivery to theinterface 100 worn by a patient P. The inspiratory gases are provided tothe patient P via a dedicated associated conduit and nasal interfacingcomponent as described herein. The expiratory flow of gases is thendirected away from the patient via a dedicated nasal interfacingcomponent and an associated conduit that is provided in fluidcommunication with an expiratory limb type conduit 230. The expiratorytype limb conduit 230 is provided in communication with a downstreamdevice D, which in this example may be a bubbler 234. The bubbler 234comprises of a gases inlet 252, and an extension tube or piece to reachbelow water level 236 of the water 238. Depending on the depth of theextension tube or piece the effective back-pressure on the closed systemmay be controlled as desired for a respiratory gases therapy to beprovided to the patient P.

FIG. 12 illustrates an interface 200 similar concept to the interface ofFIGS. 8-10, however in this arrangement the associated conduits 112, 142are arranged in a side-by-side configuration. The same types of fluidconnection between associated conduit and nasal interfacing components116, 118 are provided (i.e. each are fluidly separate). Such separationcan be provided by a partition (not shown) within the body or housing.The arm labelled as RS is configured for receipt of a suitable retentionsystem, for example a headgear type arrangement. Various take-offs suchas 410 and 470 are provided for sensors or other detectors for pressureor flow type sensing or detection purposes (as is described elsewhere inthis specification). FIG. 13 illustrates the interface 200 of FIG. 12from a different angle.

In various embodiments, such as for example that shown in FIGS. 12 and13, a take-off or port, such as take-off 410 may be utilised as a portto introduce a medicament to the flow of gases being delivered to theuser. Optionally, such a medicament may be an aerosolized medicament,such as aerosolized surfactant, or may be any other suitable medicamentcapable of being introduced into a flow of gases for delivery to auser's airway or entrance to the user's airway.

In various embodiments, where a port such as 410 is provided for apatient interface, such a port 410 may be utilised for theadministration or delivery of a medicament into a flow of gases beingdelivered to a user or patient. For example, the medicament may beaerosolized or otherwise provided in a suitable for administration to auser or patient airway.

The medicament may be provided into a flow of gases being supplied as aninspiratory flow to a user or patient. In one embodiment, the medicamentdelivery port (such as port 410 shown in FIGS. 12, 13) may be in fluidconnection or communication with one or both of the nasal interfacingelements 116, 118.

Where a medicament delivery port is provided in fluid connection orcommunication with a single nasal interfacing element, a diverter valvewould need to be operated or correctly matched so as to provide thesource of supply of gases to the nasal interfacing element which isassociated with the medicament delivery port, thereby to ensure themedicament is delivered into the flow of gases being delivered as aninspiratory flow to the user or patient. Alternatively, where amedicament delivery port is provided in fluid connection orcommunication with a two (or both) nasal interfacing elements, amedicament diverter valve would need to be operated or correctly matchedso as to provide the medicament which may be administered via the port(such as 410) to the nasal interfacing element or the associate line orconduit being supplied with a source of supply of gases to the nasalinterfacing element, thereby to ensure the medicament is delivered intothe flow of gases being delivered as an inspiratory flow to the user orpatient.

The medicament may be provided into a flow of gases being supplied to anasal interfacing element selected as an inspiratory nasal interfacingelement. Such a selection may be achieved by the use of a diverter valveupstream of the inspiratory nasal interfacing element.

Where a particular one of a pair of nasal interfacing elements of apatient interface is selected as the inspiratory nasal interfacingelement by a diverter valve, the diverter valve may be suitablyassociated with or coupled to a mechanism associated with the medicamentport to direct medicament administered via a port to the selectedinspiratory nasal interfacing element.

Alternatively, a valve or a diverter valve or a selector may be operablyadjustable at a port or elsewhere on the patient interface for selectingone of the nasal interfacing elements, or an associated conduit with oneof the nasal interfacing elements, to be fluidly connected with the portto receive a medicament administered via the port. Such a valve ordiverter valve or selector allows for the matching or fluid coupling ofa line or conduit connected to the port with a nasal interfacing elementselected as the inspiratory line or conduit, for delivery of amedicament via the port to the user or patient.

For example, port 410 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 provides for a line orconduit or passageway for directing a medicament which may beadministered into the port 410.

In one embodiment, the line or conduit extending from the port 410 mayprovide for a dedicated or sole fluid connection or communication with asingle nasal interfacing element (e.g. one of nasal interfacing elements116 or 118). The nasal interfacing element to which the line or conduitfrom the medicament delivery port 410 is in fluid connection orcommunication is the inspiratory nasal interfacing element or itsassociated conduit. In this manner, medicament delivered via the port410 is directed to a flow of gases being directed for delivery to theuser or patient.

In another embodiment, the line or conduit extending from the port 410may provide for a selective fluid connection or communication with eachthe nasal interfacing elements (e.g. one of nasal interfacing elements116 or 118 can be selected for delivery of a medicament). The nasalinterfacing element to which the line or conduit from the medicamentdelivery port 410 is in fluid connection or communication is theinspiratory nasal interfacing element or its associated conduit. In thismanner, medicament delivered via the port 410 can de selectivelydirected to a flow of gases being directed for delivery to the user orpatient.

According to the above embodiment, such a valve or diverter valve orselector which allows for the matching or fluid coupling of a line orconduit connected to the port with a nasal interfacing element selectedas the inspiratory line or conduit, for delivery of a medicament via theport to the user or patient, may be a manually adjustable valve or maybe automatically adjusted according to a selection of the associatedline or conduit which is to supply the source of gases to the associatedline or conduit and a nasal interfacing element as a the inspiratoryline or conduit and inspiratory nasal interfacing element. That is, theability to select which of a nasal interfacing element or its associatedconduit or line to receive a delivery of a medicament can be mademanually or may be made in automatically in response to the selection ofthe diverter valve.

FIG. 14 illustrates a further system 1000, for example in which theindicative interface 200 is utilised, similar to the arrangement of FIG.11. Shown is interface 200 on a patient, which receives an inspiratoryflow of gases G via an inspiratory conduit 60, and a flow of theexpiratory gases is directed from the interface via an expiratoryconduit 40 to a bubbler device 70. A diverter valve 9 is provided forallowing the configuration of selectively determining the conduit andnasal interfacing component which is to be provided as the inspiratoryline or conduit or the expiratory line or conduit. A humidifier system30 is provided, which provides for a chamber sitting atop a heater base,the chamber of which is fed with a source of gases flow from, forexample, a hospital or other supply source 2000.

In each of the interfaces 100 or 200 described above, it will beappreciated that one or more of the following may be provided:

-   -   a bridge valve type arrangement can be provided for adjusting        the bias flow,    -   a diverter valve can be provided for allowing the switching of        the nasal interface component being used in an inspiratory        configuration or an expiratory configuration,    -   different retention systems for retaining the interfaces on the        patient may be used,    -   systems for retaining feeding tubes may be provided in        combination with the interfaces,    -   nasal interfacing components are to be provided with nare        sealing capabilities, or may be provided without nare sealing or        non-sealing capabilities.

Further, in each of the embodiments of interfaces 100 and 200 describedabove, the inspiratory and expiratory gases conduits would extenddownwardly from the forehead toward the nose. The conduits would connectdirectly to the prongs or may connect to the prongs through a manifold.The manifold may include a partition between the inspiratory nasalinterfacing component and the expiratory nasal interfacing componentsuch that all inspiratory gases (i.e. fresh gases) are delivered throughone such component (e.g. a nasal prong) and all exhaled gases from theuser are directed through the expiratory component (e.g. expiratorynasal prong) and to an expiratory gases conduit. The nasal interfacingcomponents may be nasal prongs and may include sealing structures suchas a bulbous end or a pillow or cascaded/nested barbs to promote sealingwith each nostril. The prongs may alternatively be in the form ofinflating prongs that can inflate to seal about the nostril.

In another embodiment, a system comprising a medical breathing circuitcan incorporate as a gases therapy delivery apparatus the patientinterface 1 as described above. Such a system is to be provided with asource of gases G. The source of gases may be conditioned, such as beingoptionally heated and/or humidified.

Humidification may take place in a humidification chamber providedupstream of an inspiratory line or conduit. For example, may be achamber configured to contain or retain a humidification fluid (e.g.water), the chamber comprising a heated base which is configured totransmit heat to the humidification fluid. The source of gases flow Gcan be transmitted into the chamber, be conditioned and then betransmitted further to the inspiratory line or conduit of the patientinterface or system as described herein. Heating of the source of gasesG may be provided by the humidification chamber or may in addition beprovided by a controllably heated conduit provided as part of thepatient interface 1 or as part of the system operable with the patientinterface 1.

The conditioned gases can then be provided to a user via a gasestransport pathway. The gases transport pathway can be connectable to anassociated conduit (e.g. associated conduit 3 as shown in theconfiguration of FIG. 1) provided as a part of an inspiratory line orconduit for providing inspiratory gases to the user.

The system is configurable to allow for the selective connection of thesource of gases G to an associated first or second conduit 3, 5 whichare provided in fluid communication with their respective nasalinterface components 2, 4. This means that either of the nasalinterfacing components 2, 4 may be selected for delivery of theinspiratory gases. FIG. 1 shows the nasal interfacing component 2 in useas the inspiratory line or conduit gases pathway, while nasalinterfacing component 4 is the expiratory line or conduit gases pathway.

The selective connection may facilitate the switching of the supply ofthe source gases G from one of the associated first or second conduit 3,5, thereby enabling the switching of a nasal interfacing component that,in use, is to operate as the provider of inspiratory gases to the user.The selective connection would also allow the facilitation of theswitching of the associated first or second conduit 3, 5 (and the nasalinterfacing component connected to it) between operation as aninspiratory line or conduit or an expiratory line or conduit.

FIG. 1 shows an example patient interface in which the nasal interfacingcomponent 2 and its associated conduit 3 is operating as a part of aninspiratory line or conduit, while the expiratory line or conduit isprovided by the nasal interfacing component 4 and its associated conduit5. G indicates the gases flow provided from a source (optionally havingbeen conditioned) is provided to the user interface. The arrows in FIG.1 indicate the flow direction of the gases through the associatedconduit and nasal interfacing components when the patient interface 1 isconfigured without any fluid communication between the flow paths of thepair of nasal interfacing components. Compare this for example to FIG. 2in which a bridge valve 6 is provided in the bridge region of theinterface, providing for the capability to provide for a fluidcommunication between each of the nasal interfacing components.

FIGS. 1-3 also illustrate component parts of the interface 1 which mayoperate with a suitable retention system. For example, a pair oflaterally extending wings 8 may be provided for implementation of atwo-part releasable connection arrangement or securement system asdescribed elsewhere in this specification.

In another embodiment, a method of providing a gases therapy to a usercomprises delivering a gases from a source to a user via a soleinspiratory line or conduit and receiving a gases from a user via a soleexpiratory line or conduit, wherein a first nasal interfacing component(configurable for engagement with the user's first nare) is operable tobe provided for the delivery of inspiratory gases to the user, and asecond nasal interfacing component (configurable for engagement with theuser's second nare) is operable to be provided for receiving anexpiratory gases from the user. In such a method of providing a gasestherapy, the gases therapy can be a positive airway pressure type (PAP)therapy.

The apparatus, system and method as described above facilitates for thedelivery of a gases to a user in which the delivered gases (i.e. theinspiratory gases from an inspiratory line or conduit) provides for adedicated point of delivery to a user's airway (e.g. via a single nare),rather than allowing a delivered gases to pass through an interface froman inlet to the interface to an outlet of the interface, and avoidingthe provision of that delivered gases reaching the user. Such aconfiguration may assist in reduction of dead space in the patientinterface itself, and may provide for the provision of a detectionsystem to determine if there may have been a loss of gases therapy beingprovided to the user.

The first nasal interface component may be of any suitable arrangement,shape or size, yet is configured for providing an interface with full orpartial insertion with or into the user's first nare. Similarly, thesecond nasal interface component may be of any suitable arrangement,shape or size, yet is configured for providing an interface with full orpartial insertion with or into the user's second nare.

One, or both, of the first and second nasal interface components 2, 4can be or is/are configured for substantially sealingly engaging orinterfacing with the user's nare to which each nasal interfacingcomponent is to be provided. For example, a first nasal interfacingcomponent can be provided for a sealing engagement with a user's firstnare, while the second nasal interfacing component can be provided for asealing engagement with a user's second nare.

In FIGS. 1-3, the nasal interfacing components are shown as nasal prongsof a nasal cannula, the prongs having a wider portion lower down theneck of the prongs, to facilitate for a substantial sealing of theprongs with the user's nares.

In this manner, the substantial sealing of the nasal interfacingcomponents (first and second) with the nares of the user (first andsecond) can provide for a patient interface, system or method ofproviding a gases therapy to the user, which can be controlled.

For example, a substantial seal with the user's nares can be achieved,which in turn allows for the provision of particular gases therapies tothe user, for example CPAP (e.g. bubble CPAP device), BiPAP, NiPPV,SiPAP (e.g. a flow driver providing for CPAP), for the controlledprovision of a gases to a user. Controlled delivery of gases to a usermay utilise a device associated with an expiratory line or conduit forcontrolling the flow of gases a user can provide to the expiratory lineor conduit of such a patient interface, system comprising the patientinterface or a method of providing gases therapy to the user.

There are a variety of mechanisms or systems which may be employed forproviding a nasal interfacing component with a nare sealing capability.For example, a sealing member may be provided as a part of each nasalinterfacing component. Such a sealing member may take the form of a sealor an arrangement which one in place with a user's nare may be operableto substantially provide for a seal (e.g. nasal pillows or otherinflatable-type arrangements) or the nasal interfacing component may besuitably shaped to, once substantially inserted into a user's nare,provide for a seal with a user's nare wall.

It will however be appreciated that other seals or sealing memberarrangements can be provided for a nasal interfacing component. This maytake the form of a physical shape or form or arrangement of a plug-typeseal system, or may take the form of an arrangement which can beoperated to, in-use, provide for a seal with a user's nare (e.g.inflatable-type pillow system).

Where the nasal interfacing component is, for example, a nasal prong,for example of a nasal cannula type patient interface, then the nasalprong would have a seal or sealing member. Alternatively, where thenasal interfacing component is, for example, a part of a nasal mask typepatient interface, then the portions for engagement with each of theuser's nares would be provided with suitable seals or sealing member.

In yet a further alternative, other forms of nasal interfacing patientinterfaces may be provided comprising of a partition to provide for aseparation between a user's first nare (e.g. a left nostril/nare) andthe user's second nare (e.g. a right nare), the partition facilitatingthe controlled delivery of the source of gases as an inspiratory gasesflow to one of the user's nares and facilitating the controlled receiptof gases as an expiratory gases flow from the other of the user's nares.For example, see the patient interfaces (and associated systems) asillustrated by FIGS. 8-14. In this respect, the nasal interfacingstructures 116 and 118 may be large enough to form a seal with thenares. Alternatively the structures 116, 118 may include other sealingstructures as defined herein.

The patient interface can create a sealed gases pathway between a gasessource and a first nare and a sealed gases pathway from the second nareto a further component.

Similarly, providing a patient interface that facilitates sealing of aninspiratory line or conduit with a first of a user's nares and a sealingof an expiratory line or conduit with a second of a user's nares canmake the interface suitable for CPAP and other relatedpressure-controlled gases therapies.

While the nasal interfacing components are referred to as comprising ofa seal, a sealing capability may be sufficiently adequate thatapproximately a 90% (of the cross-section) of a user's nare is occludedby the nasal interfacing component.

Further examples include nasal prongs of any shape that can seal eachnare individually, e.g., inflating prongs, Christmas-tree shaped barbs,a plurality of cascaded barbs, a trapezoid pillow on a stalk typearrangement, or a dual wall pillow on a stalk type arrangement, or evenhigh flow therapy prongs. Other type of patient interfaces can bemodified to seal each nare individually, e.g., dual-chamber nasalpillows. It will be appreciated the nasal interfacing components may belarge enough to form a seal with the nostrils. Alternatively thestructures may include other sealing structures as defined herein.

In various embodiments, the patient interface can be configured tocomprise of a partition 7 (e.g. may be a mechanical/physical partition)between each of the first and second nasal interfacing components.

The partition 7 may, for example, be a solid bridge region when in anasal cannula type patient interface. For example, as shown in FIG. 1.

Such a partition provides for a mechanical fluid disconnection between afluid flow path of the first nasal interfacing component and a fluidflow path of the second nasal interfacing component. In this manner, thefluid flow paths of each nasal interfacing components can be keptseparate and/or remain as dedicated to either an inspiratory operationor an expiratory operation.

In an alternative configuration, the partition 7 may be configured toprovide for an adjustable or controllable mechanical fluid connectionand/or disconnection of fluid flow paths of the first and second nasalinterfacing components. For example, the partition may comprise of, orbe, a valve such as that indicated by item 6 in FIG. 2. The valve 6 canbe any suitable arrangement which allows for the control gases flowbetween the fluid flow paths of the nasal interfacing components. Gatevalves, butterfly valves or other valves suitably configured can beused. Such a controllable or adjustable partition allows for anadjustment of a bias flow of the source of gases to said first and/orsaid second nasal interface components (depending on which is selectedor provided as the inspiratory side and which is selected or provided asthe expiratory side of the patient interface).

Providing a partition 7 or a division between inspiratory and expiratoryflow paths can provided for a number of end-user as well as gasestherapy-related advantages, for example including but not limited to:

-   -   Allowing the gases flow to be unidirectional, so gases flowing        into one side of the patient interface must flow through the        user's airway (e.g. into the user's airway via an inspiratory        line or conduit) to get to the other side of the interface (e.g.        out of the user's airway via an expiratory line or conduit).    -   A valve in the bridge portion (i.e. a bridge valve, such as 6 in        FIG. 2) may be optionally provided between the pair of nasal        interfacing components (e.g. between a first nasal prong and a        second nasal prong)—such a bridge valve may allow the patient        interface to be switched between different modes, for example a        unidirectional flow (e.g. a single dedicated/sole inspiratory        nasal interfacing component, and toward a more traditional CPAP        flow by opening the bridge valve and allowing some of the        inspiratory line or conduit gases flow to reach the other of the        nasal interfacing components, for example the nasal interfacing        component that was, in the prior mode, being used operationally        as a single dedicated/sole expiratory nasal interfacing        component).

In various embodiments, a diverter valve 9 can be implemented to fluidlyconnect the source of gases flow G to one of: the first conduit 3 andthe first nasal interface component 2, or the second conduit 5 and thesecond nasal interface component 4, to provide for an inspiratory lineor conduit. Similarly, the diverter valve 9 when implemented can fluidlyconnect gases received from one of the first or second nasal interfacecomponents 2, 4 via an associated first or second conduit 3, 5 toprovide for an expiratory line or conduit. The expiratory line orconduit may deliver expiratory gases flow to a device D (not shown)capable of controlling the expiratory gases so as to provide assistivecontrol of a gases therapy being provided to the user.

For example, the device may be a bubble CPAP type arrangement providingfor a back-pressure to the gases in the closed-system being provided tothe user. Alternatively, or in addition, the diverter valve 9 canconnect with or provide for the return of expiratory gases to a port ofa gases source.

In an alternative embodiment, a diverter valve 9 may be implemented tooperably divert the source of gases to one of the first conduit and thefirst nasal interface component (3, 2) or the second conduit and thesecond nasal interface component (5, 4), thereby configuring the patientinterface 1, system or method of providing gases therapy to the user, bydetermining the nasal interfacing component to be used for theinspiratory line or conduit. Similarly, the diverter valve 9 whenimplemented may be operable to fluidly connect a received gases from auser via one of the first nasal interface component and the firstconduit (2, 3) or the second nasal interface component and the secondconduit (4, 5) (when provided as an expiratory line or conduit). Theexpiratory line or conduit may be provided in fluid communication with adevice D (not shown) capable of controlling the expiratory gases so asto provide assistive control of a gases therapy being provided to theuser, for example the device may be a bubble CPAP type arrangementproviding for a back-pressure to the gases in the closed-system beingprovided to the user.

Where a diverter valve 9 is provided as part of a patient interface 1(e.g. an assembly) or a system or as part of a method for providing agases therapy to a user, such a diverter valve 9 can facilitate theselective determination or directing of the source of gases to eitherone of the first conduit and the first nasal interface component or thesecond conduit and the second nasal interface component, to operate asan inspiratory line or conduit, and for selectively allowing the otherone of the first conduit and the first nasal interface component or thesecond conduit and the second nasal interface component, to operate asan expiratory line or conduit.

In the manner described above, the diverter valve 9 can controlled oradjusted to selectively determine:

either the first conduit or the second conduit as the inspiratory lineor conduit for delivery of a source of gases to either the first nasalinterface component or the second nasal interface component, and

either the first conduit or the second conduit as the expiratory line orconduit for subsequent receipt of gases from either the first nasalinterface component or the second nasal interface component.

For example, such a diverter valve 9 can be manually adjusted (e.g. by amedical personnel), or can be automatically adjusted or controlled basedon inputs, such as user or patient parameter inputs or based on anintended variation of the nare to be provided with an inspiratory gases(and consequently also the nare to be used for the expiratory flow).

Accordingly, the adjustment or control of the diverter valve 9 may beoperated to be synchronised with a user's nasal cycle (a user's naturalalternation of increased or reduced congestion between each of theuser's nares), or to provide relief to the user by switching oralternating the nares being used to receiving the inspiratory flow andthe expiratory flow.

Advantageously, the diverter valve 9 fluidly connects the expiratoryline or conduit with a downstream device D (not shown). For example,downstream devices may be those, including but not limited to, CPAPbubblers or other device creating a back-pressure of the gases in theexpiratory line or conduit.

A diverter valve 9 can fluidly connect the associated conduits (operableas inspiratory and expiratory line or conduits) to either of the nasalinterfacing components prongs, depending on the position of the divertervalve. In particular, a switch or other actuation mechanism can bemoved, for example, between two settings (e.g., “R” and “L” to indicatethat the inspiratory flow is directed to either the left or the rightprong, respectively).

For example, FIG. 3 illustrates a diverter valve 9 configured in whichthe conduit to receive the inspiratory gases flow is selected as “L”.FIG. 4 is the same arrangement. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the divertervalve 9 in one form when disassembled, showing an internal vane 10 whichseparates orients the gases flow from a gases source G to be directed tothe associated conduit to be used as an inspiratory line or conduit, asat the same time, segregates the other of the associate conduit to beused as an expiratory line or conduit and for directing the expiratorygases to a downstream device D (not shown). FIG. 5 is a cross-sectionthrough the diverter valve 9 showing how the vane 10 may be re-orientedinside the housing of the diverter valve in accordance with switchingthe associated conduit to be used as an inspiratory and expiratory lineor conduits. Additionally, one of skill in the art would appreciate thatany suitable diverter valve which is known in the art could be used inplace of the pictured diverter valve.

FIG. 6 also illustrates the optional additional implementation of apressure relief device 11 provided on the gases source line or conduit.Such a pressure relief device can be provided as a user safety mechanismto prevent an over-pressurisation of the user's airways.

A manually actuated diverter valve 9 is for example shown by FIGS. 3-6.

An automatic variant of a divert valve 9 can be actuated using asolenoid or similar component; such a diverter valve could still beactuated manually (e.g., when a caregiver pushes a user interfacebutton) or could be automatically actuated based on time or pressure.

The diverter valve 9 can be utilised for synchronizing with the user'snasal cycle, to prevent asymmetric development of non-ossified airwaysin neonates, or simply to increase user comfort.

According to the various embodiments described herein, the patientinterface, system and method may additionally incorporate a detector ofa pressure or a flow of gases in the expiratory line or conduit. Such adetection can be used as an indicator of a leak or a loss of gasestherapy being provided to the user.

The detector may be a sensor, such as a pressure sensor or a flow sensorprovided on the expiratory line or conduit (or on the inspiratory lineor conduit, or on both the expiratory and inspiratory line or conduits).Such a sensor or sensors can provide a signal responsive to a pressureor flow of gases in either or both of the expiratory or inspiratory lineor conduits. Optionally, the gas in the expiratory line or conduit maybe sent to one or more of: a capnograph, an oxygen sensor or analyser, anitrogen or nitrous oxide sensor or detector, or a gas sample from theexpiratory line or conduit may be sent to one or more of these sensingor detecting or analysing devices through a separate sampling line orconduit fluidly connected to the expiratory line or conduit.

Optionally, the expiratory line or conduit may include sensors forsensing, detecting or analysing one or more of: humidity, temperature,pressure, flow, or a sample of gas from the expiratory line or conduitmay be sent or directed to one or more of these sensors.

The detector and detection or signal generated from a sensor can be usedto correlate with or be provided as an indicator of a leak or a loss ofgases therapy being provided to the user. For example, when the gasesflow or the gases pressure is above or below a threshold gases flow orthreshold gases pressure (depending on whether themeasured/sensed/detected flow or pressure is of the inspiratory orexpiratory line or conduit), the gas flow or pressure detected or sensedor signal representative of these conditions can provide an indicationof a leak or loss of gases therapy being provided to the user.

The detector may be provided where one or both of the first conduit andsecond conduit is/are non-self-supporting or is/are collapsible in theabsence of a minimum gases pressure within these conduits or when thegases pressure within these conduit is below a pre-determined thresholdvalue, such as the conduit of an expiratory line or conduit. Forexample, if the gases pressure were below a threshold gases pressure,the conduit may collapse—providing for a visual or observable indicatorof a lack of pressure in the expiratory line or conduit. Such anindicator or detection can provide a medical personnel to note a changein the gases therapy being provided to the user. Checks can then beperformed or adjustments made to re-establish provision of gases therapyto the user. For example, a seal provided by one or both of the nasalinterfacing components may have become dislodged or the seal broken withthe user's nares—in this way, an adjustment of the patient interface mayallow a re-sealing and the intended gases therapy can be provided to theuser. Alternatively, a change in gases flow or pressure parameters maybe needed to re-establish gases therapy provision to the user.Alternatively, a device in the patient interface or system may havefailed or become blocked and may need maintenance or replacement.

The conduit in fluid communication with the expiratory line or conduit,or the first conduit or the second conduit when provided as, or as partof, the expiratory line or conduit, may comprise of a detector or anindicator as described above.

The detector or an indicator may be provided that is capable of changingcolour to provide, for example but not limited to, a visual indicator ofone or more of the following characteristics or qualities of anexpiratory gases: carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, pressure.

In one example, an inflatable balloon or diaphragm can be fluidlycoupled to the expiratory line or conduit (or the inspiratory line orconduit, or both the expiratory and inspiratory line or conduits), withthe relative inflation of the balloon or diaphragm providing for anindicator or indication of gases therapy being provided to the user.

In another example, a pressure sensor (such as a pressure gauge) can befluidly coupled to the expiratory line or conduit (or in an alternativeto the inspiratory line or conduit) to provide a signal or indicator ofthe pressure provided to a user or a user's airway or of the gases inthe expiratory line or conduit (or in the alternative, to theinspiratory line or conduit; or to both the expiratory line or conduitand the inspiratory line or conduits).

The indicator can provide for a visual indication or indicator of thepressure in the expiratory line or conduit (or the inspiratory line orconduit, or both of these line or conduits).

The detector or sensor as described above may generate a signal as oneor more of the following: a visual output, an audible output, an alarmif a sensed pressure is above or below a threshold pressure value, analarm if a sensed flow is above or below a threshold flow value.

With for example the unidirectional gases flow of the patient interfaceas described herein, such a design can help to eliminate a bias flowthrough the interface. For example, the patient interface may reduce oreliminate bias flow or a bulk bias flow that flows through the interfaceand out of the interface without entering the nares. As such, a usermust be attached and receiving a gases therapy for a positive gases flowto be present in the expiratory line or conduit. Accordingly, a pressureor flow detector provided in the expiratory part of a medical breathingcircuit can provide for a leak detection capability.

Digital pressure gauge with display or analogue pressure gauge withneedle may be used for indicating a pressure. An absence of bubbles in abubble CPAP chamber may also be used as an indicator or detection of aloss of therapy.

Further, depending on implementation, the detection mechanism for lossof therapy could also provide breath detection, i.e., measurement ofrespiratory rate. This could be implemented by, for example, a digital(or analogue) CO2 gauge or a colour changing material triggered by CO2.

According to various embodiments, a first sensor comprising of apressure sensor can be associated with the inspiratory line or conduitand a second sensor comprising of a pressure sensor can be associatedwith the expiratory line or conduit. The sensed pressures of each lineor conduit can be used individually or compared. For example, adifference in pressure between gases in the inspiratory line or conduitand gases in the expiratory line or conduit can be determined/measured—asignal or output of this detection or sensing can be provided (e.g.alarms or warnings or other information provided in visual, audible, orhaptic forms).

Traditional breathing circuits for pressure-related therapies such asCPAP often include a relatively small (in internal diameter) pressuremeasurement tube that can be fluidly connected to one of the breathingcircuit components (e.g., the inspiratory tube, the expiratory tube in adual limb system, the wye-piece or other interface connector, theinterface tube, or the interface itself). Such a measurement tube willgenerally have a small enough internal diameter, compared to thebreathing circuit component to which it is fluidly connected, to createa high enough RTF (resistance to flow) to minimize the gases flow thatescapes through the measurement tube instead of continuing through thebreathing circuit component.

The patient interface, system and method as disclosed herein can utilisea similar pressure measurement tube fluidly connected to both prongs(i.e., in a wye shape), again with a high enough RTF to minimize gasesflow that escapes through the measurement tube. However, the internaldiameter can be selected to minimize not only gases flow into the mainbranch of the measurement tube (A) but also from one nasal interfacingcomponent to the other nasal interfacing component (B), because gasesflow from one prong to the other through the tube would decrease theeffects induced by the unidirectional flow design as described herein.Pressure measurement of both prongs at once, effectively averaging theinspiratory and expiratory pressures, is useful as a good estimate ofthe naso-pharyngeal pressure inside the patient. A traditional pressuremeasurement tube that is fluidly connected to an inspiratory orexpiratory circuit component can only measure the inspiratory orexpiratory pressure, respectively, which is not necessarily a goodestimate of the naso-pharyngeal pressure. Such a setup is for exampleshown in FIG. 7.

In FIG. 7, the nasal interfacing component identified as item 2 isprovided as the inspiratory line or conduit, while the nasal interfacingcomponent identified as item 4 is provided as the expiratory line orconduit.

Advantageously, the ability to measure or determine a patient pressure,without the need to position or put a sensor inside the patient's airwayprovides a unique development.

For example, a pressure port could be distant or located some distanceaway from the patient, such as at the connector to the breathingcircuit, so long as the interface is either symmetrical or has a knownasymmetry.

If the interface is symmetrical or substantially, then the measuredpressure is provided as a useful approximation of the patient pressure.

Alternatively, if the interface has a predictable, known orpredetermined asymmetry, then the measured pressure plus or minus anoffset to account for the asymmetry will result in another usefulapproximation of the patient pressure. The specific amount of the offsetmay be dependent on, for example, the geometry of the interface and iscalculable by one of skill in the art using known methodology.

Further, the same pressure measurement objective could be accomplishedat or with a valve as shown and discussed with reference to FIG. 2. Forexample, the valve could be significantly, nearly or substantiallyclosed such that an insubstantial volume of the bulk gas flow movesbetween the nasal interfacing components through the valve, so long asthe valve still receives or gets some pressure input from both nasalinterfacing components. The valve may comprise of a pressure sensor or atake-off or a port for a pressure sensor, or a port or take-off forconnection with a pressure line or conduit to be provided incommunication with a pressure sensor, then the pressure measurementtaken at the valve, or at the pressure port or take-off of the valve,may be used as a useful approximation of the patient's naso-pharyngealpressure.

Patient pressure may also be determined in systems or breathing circuitswithout an expiratory limb or a second nasal interfacing component (i.e.a user's second nare or second side of interface is open to atmosphere)by averaging the measured pressure in the inspiratory line or conduit oranywhere along in the inspiratory side of the gas flow with atmosphericpressure (either by using a pre-set value, or by measuring atmosphericpressure each time).

The discussion provided above in relation to pressure measurementcalculations or determinations does not have to occur solely in a sealedsystem or breathing circuit with a patient interface which engagessealingly with a user's nares or airway, so long as the flow rate ishigh enough.

The patient interface described here can comprise of a retention systemfor retaining the interface upon a user's face. In this manner, theinterface can be deployed and when worn in the appropriate manner, theintended gases therapy can be provided. Retention systems may improvethe ability to provide the intended gases therapy to the user, and mayalso provide for user comfort features or used features that medicalpersonnel can utilise without fuss (e.g. for allowing the ease ofapplication of the interface to the user or readjustments as necessary).

In this manner, in one particular embodiment, the retention systemprovided for the interface can be an associated two-part releasableconnection arrangement, such that the interface is positionable upon theuser's face and yet can be removed and re-positioned as needed.

For example, a first part of the two-part releasable connectionarrangement can be a dermal patch to be located upon a user's face, anda second part of the two-part releasable connection arrangement can bean interface patch to be located on a user-facing side of the patientinterface. The interface patch can be connected or attached to auser-facing side of the interface, with the user-facing side of theinterface patch itself comprising of a part of the two-part releasableconnection arrangement which is releasably connectable or attachable toan interface-facing side of the dermal patch, the interface-facing sideof the dermal patch comprising the other of the two-part releasableconnection arrangement and being receivable of the user-facing side ofthe interface patch. Accordingly, the two patches (dermal and interface)can be brought together to be releasably fastened or connected together,yet which can be separated from each other to allow for the adjustmentor re-positioning as may be desirable (e.g. either from a user comfortperspective or for better or improved or alternative provision of thegases therapy to the user via the patient interface).

One such suitable two-part releasable connection arrangement is thatknown as the Wigglepad™ securement system as manufactured by Fisher &Paykel Healthcare Limited.

Two such suitable patient interfaces which may be modified to comprisingof a sealing system for the nasal interfacing components (e.g. nasalprongs of a nasal cannula), may for example be those known as theOptiflow Junior™ or Optiflow Junior2™ nasal cannula interfaces.

With respect to the retention system described above relating to atwo-part releasable connection arrangement or attachment mechanism, sucha retention system may for example be the securement system as describedin PCT/NZ2011/000218 (WO2012/053910) or by PCT/NZ2016/050041(WO2016/148585).

With respect to the patient interface described above, such a patientinterface as for example described in PCT/NZ2011/000218 (WO2012/053910),the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference, may beutilised but modified to optionally provide for nasal interfacingcomponents (e.g. nasal prongs) comprising of sealing capabilities. Inaddition, in another embodiment, such a nasal cannula as described withreference to the document incorporated by reference above, may bemodified according to the partition as described herein for control ofthe fluid communication between the gases flow paths of a first nasalprong and a second nasal prong. Still further, alternatively, such anasal cannula as described with reference to the document incorporatedby reference above, a diverter valve may be provided to selectivelydetermine or control the conduit and a nasal prong which is to receive asource of gases as an inspiratory flow and to selectively determined orcontrol the conduit and a nasal prong which is to receive a gases fromthe user as an expiratory flow.

In yet further alternative embodiments, the retention system may be aheadgear. It will be appreciated a variety of forms of headgear may beprovided depending on the form of the patient interface (e.g. whether asa nasal cannula type interface, or other nasal mask type interface).Where headgear is to be used, there may be a variety of form factors orother capabilities, including size adjustment, retention force, usercomfort type features provided.

In further alternative embodiments, the patient interface or interfaces,as described herein, may be used with a two-part retention system thatmay comprise an integrated naso-gastric (NG) tube or oro-gastric (OG)tube or other feeding tube clutching or carrying or accommodatingstructure or structures. For example, a portion or a piece of theretention system may comprise one or more grooves or cut-outs toaccommodate a feeding tube or NG tube or OG tube. In another embodiment,a portion of the retention system may comprise a flap or a foldablesection or an extension that can be wrapped about the tube and removablyconnected back to a portion of the retention system to clutch thefeeding tube in an operable position and reduce or minimize chances ofdislodging the feeding tube from an in-use or operational position.Likewise, the same two-part retention system or same arrangement ortypes of structures may also be used to secure medication or medicamenttubes, such as a surfactant delivery tube or other medicament deliverytube for connection with a take-off or port of an inspiratory line orconduit or other port for administering or delivering a medicament intothe flow of gases being supplied or delivered to a user.

An example of the two-part releasable connection system or attachmentmechanism of Applicant's PCT/NZ2017/050109 is hereby reproduced as FIGS.15A-15D. The two-part releasable connection system or attachmentmechanism can be configured for securing a user interface and/or userinterface tubing (or conduit or line) to a patient as illustrated inFIG. 15A. The attachment mechanism 1100 is illustrated supporting anasal cannula on a patient or user face, but can also be adapted tosupport an adaptor for modifying of a patient or user interface forreceipt of a medicament delivery tube or conduit or line using the sameprinciples, for example such as by including an extension portionattachable to a patch instead of by way of clips.

In some embodiments, the attachment mechanism provides for a generallymore rapid and improved or simplified ease of installation of a userinterface into an operational position on a user. Further, thesebenefits may also contribute to improved or simplified ease ofapplication of alternative user interfaces or removal of a userinterface from a user when cycling a user between different therapies(such as gas treatments, e.g. CPAP or high-flow applications). Invarious embodiments provided by the two-part releasable connectionsystem or an attachment mechanism, such an attachment mechanism orsystem may provide for quick location of an interface to a user, and mayprovide for the secured positioning of the interface.

In some embodiments, the ease with which a user interface may bepositioned for a user is particularly useful. Providing a system wherebya carer (e.g. nurse) is able to apply the securement system with asingle hand, for example where the interface user is an infant, can beparticularly advantageous.

In addition, in another embodiment, the attachment mechanism providesfor a first level of securement of a user interface to a user. Forexample, such a first level of securement may be that as shown by FIGS.15A-15B. Where a user requires additional or heightened security of userinterface positioning or securement, a secondary level of interfacesecurement can be utilized. Such an additional level may includeapplication of an over patch, such as that provided, for example, bypatch 1260 illustrated in FIG. 15D Such a patch 1260 may be an adhesivepatch and can be installed over the top of the user interface and/ortubing and adhered to a portion of the dermal patch 1150 (FIG. 15B).

The attachment mechanism 1100 comprises a two-part releasable attachmentor connection arrangement 1151. The releasable connection arrangement1151 acts between a pair of patches that are affixed to the patient andthe user interface respectively.

The first patch can be a dermal patch 1150 that is adhered or otherwiseattached to the patient's skin. The dermal patch can have a user sidethat faces the user's skin and an interface side that faces the userinterface. The user side of the dermal patch 1150 may be attached to theskin of a user by a dermatologically sensitive adhesive, such as ahydrocolloid. The user interface side of the dermal patch can beprovided with the first part 1153 of the two-part releasable attachmentor connection system 1151.

The second patch can be a user interface patch 1152. The user interfacepatch 1152 can also have a patient side and an interface side. Thepatient side of the user interface patch 1152 can be disposed adjacentthe dermal patch when the attachment mechanism 1100 is engaged. Thecomplimentary second part of the two-part releasable attachment orconnection system 1153 can be affixed to the patient side of the userinterface patch 1152, so that the respective parts of the two-partreleasable attachment or connection system 1151 are easily engageablewhen the patches 1150, 1152 are brought together. The interface side ofthe user interface patch 1152 can be affixed to the user interface. Theuser interface patch may be integrated with or suitably adhered to theuser interface.

In some examples, a part or corner of the user interface patch 1152 mayinclude a region that does not attach to the dermal patch 1150. Thegeneral purpose of this can be to allow a region (or tab) that can bemore easily gripped by a user or carer for removing or detaching theinterface from the dermal patch.

The two-part releasable attachment or connection arrangement 1151 maycomprise a hook and loop material (such as Velcro™), a magnet or anarray of magnets disposed on the respective patches with the polessuitably arranged, an adhesive arrangement that is activated when thepatches are urged together or another suitable releasable suitablecoupling. The interface side of the dermal patch 1150 may have one of ahook or a loop material, and the patient side of the user interfacepatch 1152 may have the other of the hook or loop material, such thatthe dermal and user interface patches are releasably attachable orconnectable to each other.

When a hook and loop material is referenced, a hook and loop materialcan mean any one of a wide variety of area type mechanical fasteners.For example, the Velcro™ product range can include hook and loop productwhere the hook component includes upstanding nylon hooks (formed as cutloops through a woven backing web) which engage with any complimentaryloop pile material. The Velcro™ range can also include extruded hookproducts, typically of a smaller size and which mate with “fluffy”non-woven fibre backing materials. These hook materials are designed towork with a range of loop substrates and in some cases, these hookmaterials act as loop substrates as well. Other similar systems includethe Dual-Lock™ reclosable fastener system from 3M of St Paul, Minn. USA.The common feature of these releasable fastening systems is that theyengage at any part of the contact between the two parts of the system.Precise alignment of individual connectors is not required because amultitude of connectors are distributed across the area of the product.A wide range of releasable fastener systems within this field may beused in the releasable attachment mechanism for providing releasableattachment between the dermal patch and the user interface.

The first part of the two-part releasable attachment or connectionsystem may be adhered to the user interface side of the dermal patchwith a suitable adhesive and occupy up to 100% or less than about 90%,or about 85%, or about 75%, or about 60% or about 50% or about 40% orabout 30% or about 20% or about 10% of the interface side surface areaof the dermal patch. In some embodiments, the dermal patch 1150 is agenerally planar pad having a thickness much less than both its widthand its length. In some embodiments, the pad has an overall oval shape,but may take other shapes.

The pad can also include a first part 1153 of the two-part releasableattachment mechanism 1151. In some embodiments, the construction of thedermal patch is such that the first part 553 of the releasableattachment mechanism comprises a substrate and multitude of fastenerelements (with effective hooks, effective loops or other elements)provided across the area of the substrate. The substrate is secured tothe body of the dermal patch. In some embodiments, the substrate issecured by adhesive or by direct bonding during forming of the dermalpatch.

In some embodiments, the substrate can be smaller in area than thedermal patch and is located on the dermal patch so that it does notreach any edge of the dermal patch. In this way, the edge of thesubstrate can be spread from the edge of the dermal patch all around theperimeter of the substrate.

In some embodiments, the substrate for the first part of the two-partreleasable attachment system can be flexible such that the plane of thesubstrate may bend to follow a surface that is curved in one direction.However, the substrate is typically not also stretchable to be able tofollow a surface curved in two orthogonal directions. However, the padis of the dermal patch may be stretchable and conformable to surfacescurved in more than one direction such as may be required to conform tothe contours of the location of placement on the patient. According tosome embodiments, this difficulty is alleviated by providing a firstpart 1153 of the two-part releasable mechanism in a form wherein theportion of substrate is divided by at least one slit or at least oneslot into regions such that that different parts of the substrateportion may bend independently and thus the overall form of thesubstrate portion may deform to substantially match a surface curved intwo directions. This will be the case even though the substrate portionis only curved in one direction at any individual location on thesubstrate portion.

Another embodiment of the attachment mechanism is illustrated in FIGS.15C-15D. The attachment mechanism 1200 can comprise a dermal patch 1250and a securing patch 1260. The securing patch 1260 can extend over theuser interface and/or tubing and adheres to the dermal patch 1250 tosecure the interface and/or tubing to the patient. The dermal patch 1250can define a securement footprint that is attached to the patient andhas a similar configuration to the corresponding dermal patch 1150 inthe above described attachment mechanism and two-part releasableconnection system. The user side of the dermal patch 1250 is configuredto attach or adhere to the user's skin.

The securing patch 1260 can extend over the user interface and/orassociated user interface tubing and affixes to the dermal patch 1250 tosecure the user interface to the patient. The securing patch 1260 andthe dermal patch 1250 can be configured so that the securing patch canbe contained within or bounded by the securement footprint of the dermalpatch when the securement system is applied to a patient with a suitableor compatible user interface. Containing the securing patch 1260 withinthe dermal patch 1250 securement footprint can reduce the likelihood ofunnecessary contact with the patient's skin and the potential forirritation. Ideally, the dermal patch 1250 can have the same or agreater surface area than the securing patch 1260. The dermal patch 1250may include one part of a two-part mechanical fastener system across itssurface or parts of its surface, with the securing patch 1260 having theother part of the fastening system.

In this manner, the dermal patch can be sized to reduce the likelihoodof the taping or any additional taping to extend onto the skin of theuser. Avoiding or minimizing the application, or repeated applicationand removal, of adhesives to a user's skin is preferred. This embodimentbeneficially reduces the likelihood of repeated application of adhesive,or adhesive tape, to a user's skin for the installation and placement ofa user interface into an operational position. Adhesive tapes or otherdermal adhesive patches (when repeatedly applied and remove),particularly for example for infants, create problems. Problems include,but are not limited to, skin irritation from adhesive chemicals (oradhesive removal chemicals, such as solvents) or tape materials (e.g.due to skin sensitivities), damage to user skin due to repeatedapplication and removal of dermal patches or tapes for positioning orre-positioning of the interface for the user. Re-positioning may berequired or adjustments may be needed where treatment therapies arebeing cycled (i.e. changed from one type of treatment to another, andthen back again).

Advantageously therefore, the described embodiments provide for a systemof positioning or locating of a user interface for a user, yet reducingthe likelihood of the problems associated with adhesive tapes attachedto the users skin.

It should be appreciated there are a number of disadvantages andproblems associated with the re-positioning of an interface,particularly an infant interface. Included is “snub nosing”, epidermalabrasion, or dermal allergies from traditional taping techniques forapplication of user interfaces (e.g. nasal cannula) to users. Suchproblems are also incurred during the cycling of a user betweendifferent treatment options and, traditionally, the subsequent removalof headgear or tapes or user interfaces and then the installation of newequipment and user interfaces or interface positioning headgear or othergear. Therefore, provision of a securement system which, when applied toa user, is in a ready-to-receive mode for receiving a user interface isa useful step in progressing toward reducing the problems users havepreviously been faced with. Further, improving the ease of installation,both in terms of complexity as well as time and effort by a carer (e.g.nurse), is of further benefit.

The securement patch may be shaped or otherwise configured toaccommodate geometric or other features of the user interface and/orassociated user interface tubing. The illustrated securement patches canhave a plurality of wings 1261 that accommodate the user interfacetubing and increase the contact surface of the securing patch 1260exposed to the dermal patch 1250. The securing patches illustrated inFIG. 15D each have a pair of wings arranged at one end of the patch. Thewings 1261 can be configured to secure to the dermal patch on eitherside of a user interface and/or associated user interface tubing andreduce the potential for the securing patch 1260 to bunch about theinterface and/or tubing.

The securement patch 1261 illustrated in FIG. 15D can also have a tubeend wing 1261. The tube end wing 1261 can be configured to extend underthe user interface tubing and affix to the dermal patch 1250 to link theends of the securing patch 1260.

The above described embodiments of the attachment mechanisms can be usedto secure tubing to any part of a patient's body. The embodimentsillustrated in FIGS. 15A-15D are configured to attach a user interfaceto a patient's face, in particular, adjacent the user's upper lip and/orcheek. The illustrated securing systems can be adapted for neonatalapplications.

The user side of the dermal patches 1150, 1250 can have adermatologically sensitive adhesive (such as a hydrocolloid) thatadheres the patch to a user's skin, so that application of therespective securing systems causes as little irritation as possible. Thedermal patches 1150, 1250 can have sufficient surface areas todistribute the adhesive and interface retention forces over an adequatearea of the user's face to reduce localized pressure build up.

In some embodiments, a patient or user face can also be adapted tosupport an adaptor for modifying of a patient or user interface forreceipt of a medicament delivery tube or conduit or line.

Such an adaptor or interface comprising of such an adaptor, can includea securement system for retaining, holding, or securing pressure and/ormedicament delivery conduit (e.g. a surfactant delivery lumen) inposition on a patient's face. In some embodiments, the pressure lumen isconfigured to be fluidly connected to the pressure tube and themedicament delivery conduit (e.g. a surfactant lumen) is configured tobe fluidly connected to a medicament conduit (e.g. a surfactant tube).In some embodiments, the securement system comprises a two-partreleasable attachment or connection arrangement. The releasableconnection arrangement acts between a pair of components that areaffixed to the patient and the pressure and/or surfactant tuberespectively. Several such securement systems are described inPCT/NZ2013/000069 (WO2013/157960) the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

An example of the attachment mechanism is hereby reproduced as FIGS.16-18.

In reproduced FIGS. 16-18, the two-part releasable attachment mechanismcan further include structures to retain the pressure and/or surfactanttube. In some embodiments, these structures can be holder, clips, flaps,etc.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 16, the two-part releasableattachment mechanism can include a panel that is configured to be foldedonto the dermal patch so as to retain the tube. The dermal patch 1610and the panel 1620 are coupled together at an edge region 1613. Tocouple the first and second parts of the two-part releasable attachmentsystem together, the panel is folded onto the dermal patch to bring thepatient side 1622 of the panel adjacent to the interface side 1612 ofthe dermal patch to couple the first and second parts 1614, 1624 of thetwo-part connection system together to capture or sandwich the tube 1602there between.

As another example, FIG. 17 illustrates the two-part releasableattachment mechanism further including a clip for securing a pressureand/or surfactant tube. The dermal patch 1710 for adhering to the skinof the patient can include a securement clip 1720 that is attached to orintegrally formed with the dermal patch. The securement clip includes arecess or cavity or channel for receiving the tube 1702. The recess isopen so that a section of the tube may be pushed in a lateral directionwith respect to a longitudinal axis of the tube into the clip. An end ofthe tube need not be pushed through the clip for securement. The recesscan have a lateral dimension similar to or slightly smaller than adiameter of the tube so that the tube is gripped firmly by the clip. Inone embodiment, the clip is releasable from the dermal patch. Forexample, a two-part connection system as described previously may beapplied between the clip and the dermal patch. Alternatively, the clipmay be releasably attached to a patient interface 1700.

FIG. 18 illustrates the two-part releasable attachment mechanism havinga wing portion that is configured to wrap about and secure the pressureand/or surfactant tube. The securement system 1805 can include a dermalpatch 910 for attaching to the face of a patient. The dermal patchcomprises a wing portion 932 for wrapping about the tube 2 once the tubehas been correctly positioned in the patient's nostril.

FIGS. 19A-19B illustrates an embodiment of a fixation structure that canbe configured to secure the pressure and/or a medicament delivery tubeor conduit or line, such as a surfactant tube. FIGS. 19A and 19Billustrate the fixation structure assembly having perforated sectionsthat allow for the removal of the fixation structure from the tube to besecure.

A close-up of a face of a patient is shown, with a nose N and mouth M.The fixation structure assembly 1900 may be torn along tear line T,detaching one of the separable extensions 1904B. In the illustratedembodiment, a pair of perforated sections links the body 1902 with oneof the separable extensions 1904A, 1904B. The body 1902 and theseparable extension 1904A still attached to the body 1902 may be placedon one side of the face, and the detached separable extension 1904B maybe adhered to the other side of the face via use of the adhesive portion1908B, thus exposing the fixation element 1910B of the detachedseparable extension 604B. The tube 1940 can be placed over the body1902, and the separable extension 1904A attached to the body 1902 can befolded to cover the tube 1940.

As shown in FIGS. 19A-19B, the tube 1940 can be positioned in theperforated area (for example, the first intermediate region 1905 A) oradjacent the perforated area. This can facilitate quick and simpleremoval of the fixation structure assembly 1900 from the tube 1940. As aresult, the tube 1940 does not necessarily have to be removed as thefixation structure is removed, and a healthcare provider is then notrequired to reinsert the tube 1940 following removal of the fixationstructure assembly 1900, reducing the number of steps required.Positioning the tube 1940 in or near the perforated area can aid inenabling the fixation structure assembly 1900 to be folded and/or tostick to itself. For example, this can aid in the separable extension1904A being folded over the body 1902.

In some examples, the moulding part-line could also be down the centralplane of symmetry of the adaptor (instead of splitting along thethreaded connectors). In some examples, the threaded connectors can alsobe arranged with their axes parallel to the plane of symmetry but offsetfrom the centre so as to create space between them. In some examples,this can allow for a more compact arrangement and simpler tooling, withless complex movements. This can also possibly include the pressure portfacing longitudinally between them.

The illustrated securement systems are particularly configured toreceive and/or secure a patient interface or an adaptor and anynecessary tubing, such as medicament delivery tubing or nasogastrictubing. The tubing may extend from one or both side(s) of the user'sface. In some embodiments, a patient interface and securement systemscan include a dynamic interface to absorb the patient's facialmovements. As dynamic interface may be utilised to dampen the effect ofthe baby's facial movements on the positioning of the patient interfaceabout the patient's nose. An example of the dynamic interface isdisclosed in PCT/NZ2014/000217 (WO2015/057083) the contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

An example of the attachment mechanism of PCT/NZ2014/000217(WO2015/057083) is hereby reproduced as FIGS. 20A-20C, 21A-21C, and FIG.22. In some embodiments, the dynamic interface can incorporate one ormore hinges along the device that reacts to facial movements, bothnatural and forced, and external forces exerted on the interface. Thehinges can minimise the effects of the facial movements and externalforces on the fitment of the interface on the patient's face,particularly on the placement of the prongs in the patient's nares. Asused herein, hinges refers generally to portions on the interface thatare configured to bend in one or more directions. The hinges can beconfigured to bend in a predefined direction or directions, and in someembodiments the hinges can be restricted from bending in certaindirections.

FIGS. 20A-20B illustrate an example of a relaxed facial shape of aninfant and FIG. 20C illustrates a schematic of the geometric shape of adynamic interface 1300 on a relaxed face. FIG. 20A is a front view of aninfant's face and FIG. 20B is a bottom view of the infant's face. FIG.20C is a bottom view of a dynamic interface. The dynamic interface 1300can have one or more hinges 1310. Preferably, the dynamic interface hasa centre hinge 1312 disposed between the prongs 1330. The plurality ofhinges 1310 on the interface allows the interface 1300 to conform to thegeneral contours of the patient's face.

FIGS. 21A-B illustrates a front view and a bottom view, respectively, ofan example of a stressed or squeezed facial shape of an infant. FIG. 21Cillustrates a bottom view schematic of the geometric shape of a dynamicinterface 1400 on a squeezed face. The squeezed face approximates, forexample, the contortion of the face when patients lie on the side oftheir faces. As illustrated in FIG. 21C, the hinges 1410 help conformthe interface 1400 to the shape of the contorted face and maintain theposition of the prongs 1430 in the nares of the patient. The dynamicinterface 1400 is particularly helpful in the case of infants or otherpatients who tend to exhibit exaggerated cheek movement. Prong flickingmay be reduced.

Each hinge 1410 can be configured to react to an applied force in apredetermined fashion and different hinges can react differentlydepending on their position on the interface. For example, a hinge 1412located in the region between the prongs 1430 may bend downward towardthe lips and/or inward toward the face to form a concave shape whenviewed from the front, while the hinges 1414 adjacent the cheeks of thepatient may bend outward to form a convex shape around the cheeks. Thehinge 1412 can resist movement outwards normal to the face and minimizethe movement of the prongs 1430 out of the nares due to forces appliedlaterally on the device. In some situations, the bending of hinge 1412can be limited by the patient's anatomy. For example, the inward bendingof hinge 1412 can be limited by the philtrum of the patient, which canbeneficially limit the displacement of the prongs 1430. The forcesapplied to the interface may act on the other hinges (e.g., hinges 1414adjacent the cheeks) once the hinge 1412 reaches its limit. Combinationsof hinge types and hinge locations can allow the designer to control howan interface will react in a variety of situations. A hinge may bedesigned to allow for 1, 2 or 3 degrees of motion in any predefineddirection depending on its desired function. Advantageously, aninherently stable interface can be developed that keeps the prongs inthe patients nares under various loading conditions.

Another example of a dynamic nasal interface 1500 is illustrated in FIG.17C. Although the pictured interface is a nasal cannula, the hingingportions could be adapted to support the disclosed adaptor of thepresent application using the same principles, such as by including ahinging extension portion attachable to a patch as discussed above.

For example, FIG. 22 illustrates a nasal interface 1500 having hinges inat least three locations, the bridge hinge 1510 and outer hinges 1512,1514 on either sides of the prongs. The additional hinges of the nasalinterface help stabilize the positions of the prongs 1502 when thecannula is under stress and reduce the displacement distance, helping tokeep the prongs in the nares of the patient and reduce the irritation ofthe nares by the prongs. In some embodiments, the bridge hinge 1510 andouter hinges 1512, 1514 can be configured to be attachable to theaforementioned patch so as to support the disclosed adaptor.

Additional embodiments of dynamic interfaces are further illustrated inPCT/NZ2014/000217 (WO2015/057083) the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

With respect to the various patient interfaces described herein, wherefor example the patient interface may be a nasal cannula type interface,the nasal cannula may be of the arrangement as described inPCT/NZ2011/000218 (WO2012/053910), or PCT/NZ2014/000217 (WO2015/057083),the contents of which are each herein incorporated by reference. Inparticular, the nasal cannula as described by these documents provides anasal cannula system comprising of separated or independent gases flowpaths, with the additionally provision of at least one elementresponsive to force(s) or movement(s), or both, experienced by at leasta first region of the patient interface.

In this manner, compensation can be provided by the patient interface tomovements translated to the interface by the user, which may otherwisecomprise the provision of an intended gases therapy or dislocation of,for example, the nasal interfacing components (e.g. nasal prongs) from auser's nares. In particular for pressure-controlled gases therapies,such compensation can be helpful in minimising the likelihood of a lossof sealing connection of the nasal interfacing components from a user'snares—loss of the sealing would result in a loss of gases therapy beingprovided to the patient. Accordingly, a patient interface as describedherein may be modified according to the functionalities and mechanicalmodes as set out in the above-referenced document. In particular, thefunctionalities and mechanisms of a nasal cannula interface referencedby the document above may be provided to a nasal cannula in the regionsoutside of a bridge region of such a nasal cannula.

According to the documents referenced above, the patient interface asdescribed herein may be modified according to the references, butadditionally provide for sealing capabilities of the nasal interfacingcomponents (e.g. nasal prongs of a nasal cannula). In such embodiments,the associated conduit for each nasal interfacing component (e.g. theconduit or tube associated with each) may be of the reinforced type asdescribed in those referenced documents.

With respect to the various patient interfaces described herein, such apatient interface may be modified or comprise those features asdescribed by PCT/NZ2013/000069 (WO2013/157960) and PCT/NZ2016/050050(WO2016/159783), the contents of which are each herein incorporated byreference. In particular, the contents of these documents provide for avariety of feeding tube retention systems or capabilities which may beintegrated into a patient interface as described here, or as part ofsuch a system as described herein.

Such retention systems find applicability to not only feeding tubes, butalso other tubes or conduits or devices requiring securement in place.For example, a conduit or supply line or conduit for supplying ordelivering a medicament to a take-off or port of an inspiratory conduitor on an inspiratory side of a patient interface may be retained in aposition using the retention systems as described by the patentspecifications above. For example, a medicament delivery conduit may befluidly connected to take-off or port 410 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.Such a medicament may for example be a surfactant, which may beaerosolized for addition to the gas flow.

In further alternatives, a patient interface may be utilised having atake-off or port for connection with a medicament delivery conduit orline or conduit. Some form of an adapter may be provided or configuredfor connection with a take-off or port, to enable a medicament deliveryconduit or supply line or conduit to be connected to the interface. Itwill be appreciated that the take-off or port may be in or on thepatient interface itself, such as a nasal cannula or a wye piece, or aspart of a conduit provided on an inspiratory side of the breathingcircuit, for introducing a medicament, which could be an aerosolizedmedicament, such as surfactant or aerosolized surfactant, into the flowof gases being delivered to a user.

One particular advantage of medicament delivery through a unidirectionalinterface is the ability to direct all or substantially all of themedicament dose administered into the gas flow to the user. This isachieved through the provision of directing the entirety of aninspiratory flow into the user/patient. This provides for a significantadvantage, and helps to solve a major problem of medicament deliverywhere a significant quantity, and sometimes all, of the medicamentdelivery is washed out of the interface without being delivered into theuser/patient by the bias flow or the patient's expiratory flow impactingon that medicament delivery. If, for example, the gases delivery flowrate being supplied to a user/patient is about 8 L/min and theuser/patient's peak inspiratory requirement is only about 500 mL/min,then there is a limited ability for uptake of the medicament by theuser/patient and much of the medicament dose which was attempted to bedelivered may instead end up passing through to the expiratory conduitor limb. Such a situation may result even if a clinician or medicalassistant attempts to time the medication delivery or dose to match thetiming of the user/patient's inspiration phase of their breathing cycle.

Accordingly, the ability to provide for a medicament delivery into aninspiratory side of a breathing circuit (e.g. an inspiratory conduit) oran inspiratory side of a patient interface (e.g. an upstream side of afirst nasal interfacing component), provides for a simpler and moreefficient mode of medicament delivery to a user/patient. Such anadministration allows for a more efficacious medicament delivery system,without the complications of trying to match medicament delivery with auser/patient's inspiration phase.

The patient interface as described herein can be configured to receiveor provide for the delivery of one or more medicaments to the nare of auser of the interface. For example, a medicament can be delivered to theinspiratory line or conduit or to a nasal interfacing component whenprovided as part of an inspiratory line or conduit. Medicament can beatomized or nebulized for delivery into the flow of gases in theinspiratory line or conduit or into the gases flow path of a nasalinterfacing component (when operable as part of an inspiratory line orconduit). In this manner, a dedicated or sole inspiratory nasalinterfacing component can provide for a direct delivery to the user.

With respect to medicament delivery, an adjustable or controllablepartition between the nasal interfacing components may be configured toprevent for any fluid communication between the gases flow paths ofthese two interfacing components during the delivery of the medicament,and therefore unintended loss undelivered medicament to the user. Yet,in such an arrangement, the partition of the interface can be configuredafter the delivery back to a particular setting. For example, aparticular setting for a patient may provide for a desired bias flowbetween the nasal interfacing components to fine tune the gases therapybeing provided to that patient.

The medicament delivery can be utilised in combination with variousgases therapies.

The following outline or conduits various gases therapies which may beutilised in combination with the patient interface, system and method asdescribed herein:

Bubble CPAP

-   -   The nasal interfacing component provided on the expiratory line        or conduit can be provided in fluid communication with an        associated conduit (e.g. an expiratory conduit) that leads to a        bubbler (which regulates PEEP by forcing gases through        water)—same as a traditional bubble CPAP device. The expiratory        gases flow forces water down through a “dipstick” (the        adjustable tube or pipette inside the bubbler), and then the        gases escape to atmosphere as bubbles in the water contained in        the bubbler chamber. The deeper the dipstick is below water        level, the more pressure required of the gases to force the        water through the dipstick.    -   In operation, if the chamber is bubbling, then there is an        indication that the expiratory gases pressure must be at least X        cm H₂O, where X is the depth in cm that the dipstick is below        water level. The absence of bubbles can indicate loss of        therapy.    -   The bubble chamber can also act as a pressure limiter, as once        the chamber is bubbling pressure is being relieved, so it is        difficult for the pressure to rise higher than the setting on        the dipstick. This setting thus determines the PEEP in the        patient.

Manual Ventilation/Resuscitation

-   -   The nasal interfacing component provided on the expiratory line        or conduit can be provided in fluid communication with an        associated conduit (e.g. an expiratory conduit) that leads to a        PEEP (Positive end expiratory pressure) valve. The pressure        (above atmospheric) remaining in the lungs at the end of        exhalation

Ventilator CPAP/BiPAP/(S)NiPPV

-   -   The nasal interfacing component provided on the expiratory line        or conduit can be provided in fluid communication with an        associated conduit (e.g. an expiratory conduit) that leads back        to a ventilator.

CPAP is a continuous positive airway pressure, provided for delivery ofair at a relatively constant pressure to “splint” the upper airway ofthe user.

BiPAP is a bi-level positive airway pressure (similar to CPAP but withdifferent pressure levels for inspiration and expiration).

(S)NiPPV—(Synchronized) nasal intermittent positive pressureventilation, being of a therapy generally similar to CPAP but with thePIP intermittent and substantially synchronized to respiratory rate inorder to provide “breaths” to the patient

SiPAP (Synchronized intermittent positive airway pressure, flow drivertype CPAP)

-   -   The nasal interfacing component provided on the expiratory line        or conduit can be provided in fluid communication with an        associated vent, such a vent venting directly to atmosphere (for        example through a filter).

According to the description herein, a system can be provided whichcomprises a gases source, a conduit provided as an inspiratory line orconduit, and a patient interface as described above.

The gases source may be a pressurized gases delivered source, such asvia blower or ventilator.

The system can provided is a medical breathing circuit, where thecircuit is a closed system or circuit, or where the circuit is an opensystem or circuit.

The system as described herein can provide a CPAP delivery system.

In another example, the system provided includes a component fluidlyconnected to, or in fluid communication with an expiratory line orconduit or an associated conduit of an expiratory line or conduit.

The expiratory line or conduit can be fluidly coupled to a downstreamcomponent or device configured to provide for a pre-determined or anadjustable back-pressure or a PEEP substantially at the opening of saidnasal interfacing component provided as the expiratory line or conduitfor the user.

As each nasal interfacing component comprises of a fluid pathway, thefluid pathway is connected or connectable at one end by an associatedconduit which when selectively utilised (e.g. by adjustment of adiverter valve described above), an independent or dedicated fluidconnection can be made by an opening of the nasal interfacing componentconnected thereto by the associated conduit (e.g. a first associatedconduit is provided in fluid communication with a first nasalinterfacing component).

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a patient interface comprising a pairof nasal interfacing components, one of the pair configured for soleinspiratory gases delivery to one of a user's nares and the other of thepair configured for sole expiratory gases received from the other of theuser's nares; and a valve operable to selectively control which one ofthe pair of nasal interfacing components is to provide the inspiratorygases to the user and which one of the pair of nasal interfacingcomponents is to receive expiratory gases from the user. Such a patientinterface may optionally comprise one or more of the embodiments orfeatures as described above.

Further, according to the patient interface as described above: in afirst mode, the valve can be operable to allow for inspiratory gases tobe delivered to a first of a pair of nasal interfacing components and toallow for a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components toreceive expiratory gases from the user; in a second mode, the valve canbe operable to allow for inspiratory gases to be delivered to a secondof a pair of nasal interfacing components and to allow for a first ofthe pair of nasal interfacing components to receive expiratory gasesfrom the user.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a patient interface comprising a pairof nasal interfacing components, to be provided in fluid communicationwith the nares of a user; a bridge portion (optionally mechanically)joining the nasal interfacing components; wherein the bridge portioncomprises a bridge valve configured to fluidly connect each of the pairof nasal interfacing components.

With respect to the above embodiment, each nasal interfacing componentcomprises of a gases pathway, at one end of the gases pathway is anopening for fluid communication with the nare of a user, and at theother end of the gases pathway is an associated conduit for extendingthe gases pathway.

Optionally, the bridge valve is operable to adjust or control a biasflow of gases being delivered to a user via the nasal interfacingcomponents.

Optionally, a valve is operable to selectively control which one of thepair of nasal interfacing components is to provide the inspiratory gasesto the user and which one of the pair of nasal interfacing components isto receive expiratory gases from the user. For example, such that: in afirst mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases to be delivered to afirst of a pair of nasal interfacing components and allows a second ofthe pair of nasal interfacing components to receive expiratory gasesfrom the user; in a second mode, the valve allows inspiratory gases tobe delivered to a second of the pair of nasal interfacing components andallows a first of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receiveexpiratory gases from the user.

According to the various nasal patient interfaces as described herein,one of the pair of nasal interfacing components is configurable for soleinspiratory gases delivery to one of a user's nares and the other of thepair is configurable for sole expiratory gases received from the otherof the user's nares.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a patient interface comprising a firstnasal interface component to provide a fluid connection with a user'sfirst nare, an inspiratory gases pathway in fluid communication betweenthe first nasal interface component and a gases source to provideinspiratory gases to the user's first nare, a second nasal interfacecomponent to provide a fluid connection with the user's second nare, andan expiratory gases pathway to receive expiratory gases from the user'ssecond nare. In such a configuration, the inspiratory gases pathway isdisconnected from fluid communication with the second nasal component.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a patient interface comprising a firstnasal interface component to provide a substantially sealed fluidconnection with a user's first nare, an inspiratory gases pathway influid communication between the first nasal interface component and agases source to provide inspiratory gases to the user's first nare, asecond nasal interface component to provide a substantially sealed fluidconnection with the user's second nare, and an expiratory gases pathwayto receive expiratory gases from the user's second nare, wherein theinspiratory gases pathway is not in fluid communication with the secondnasal component.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a method of delivering a gases flow toa user through a patient interface as described herein, such that adedicated inlet nasal interfacing component is provided for providing adedicated inspiratory flow to one of a user's nares and communicating anexhaled or expiratory flow away via from the other of the user's naresvia a dedicated outlet nasal interfacing component.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a method of delivering aunidirectional gases flow through a dedicated inlet nasal interfacingcomponent and communicating an exhaled flow away via a dedicated outletnasal interfacing structure, such that the gases flow turns or changesdirection within a user's nasal passage(s).

According to the methods described above, both of the nasal interfacingcomponents are configured for sealing with a user's nares.

Optionally, the unidirectional gases flow can be selectively directed toeither a first nasal interfacing component or a second interfacingcomponent, the nasal interfacing component selected becoming thededicated inlet nasal interfacing component, and the other of the nasalinterfacing components becoming the dedicated outlet nasal interfacingcomponent.

Optionally, a flow diverter is operable to selectively divert the gasesflow to either of the first nasal interfacing component or the secondinterfacing component.

Optionally, a partition or fluid path controller is operable tofacilitate a fluid connection between each of the first nasalinterfacing component and the second interfacing component. Thepartition or fluid path controller may be operable to control or adjusta bias flow of the gases flow being delivered to the nasal interfacingcomponents.

According to the embodiments as described above, in a furtheralternative there may be provided a method of administering a gasestherapy to a user comprising: delivering a first flow of gases to afirst nasal interfacing component as an inspiratory flow, said firstnasal interfacing component provided in fluid communication with a firstof a user's nares; receiving a second flow of gases from a second nasalinterfacing component as an expiratory flow, said second nasalinterfacing component provided in fluid communication with a second of auser's nares; controlling the expiratory flow.

Optionally, the expiratory flow is controlled according to any one ormore of the following gases parameters: pressure, flow rate.

Optionally, the expiratory flow is controlled to provide for an upstreamparameter according to any one or more of: pressure, flow rate.

Optionally, the parameter to be controlled influences the gases pressureprovided to or experienced by a user's airway.

Optionally, the gases therapy delivered to the user is a CPAP gasestherapy.

Optionally, the expiratory flow (or optionally the inspiratory flow) iscontrolled by or directed to one or more of:

a bubbler or a bubble CPAP device or another pressure regulator, forregulation of the pressure provided to a user or experienced by a user'sairway;

a ventilation or resuscitation device, such as for provision of any oneor more of the following gases therapies for the user, including but notlimited to, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), BiPAP, NiPPV;

a flow generation device or flow driver, such as for provision of adesired gases therapy for the user, including but not limited to, aSiPAP.

The various embodiments described above may provide for a patientinterface, a system or method which provides one or more of thefollowing advantages:

-   -   Elimination of mechanical dead space in the patient interface    -   “Washing out” (reduction) of anatomical dead space in user's        airway    -   More CO2 flushing out of the patient's airway, reducing        re-breathed CO2    -   More accurate/predictable pressure delivery    -   All of the pressure produced by the gases source is delivered to        the user—do not have to account for indeterminate pressure loss        from bias flow through the interface.    -   The wye-shaped measurement tube may provide for an improvement        in accuracy of estimating of naso-pharyngeal pressure compared        to a traditional measurement tube that measures only one side    -   Potential reduction in voluntary respiratory rate    -   Potential reduction delivered oxygen percentage, when used with        oxygen therapy    -   More efficient delivery of nebulised medication    -   Potential reduction in work of breathing of the user

In respect of potential reduction in work of breathing by theuser/patient, while it might be considered that the work of breathingwould increase due to the user/patient having to breathe out from asingle nare, the applicant has surprisingly found that theuser/patient's work of breathing is not higher, it is lower, unlessthere are high bias flows.

Bias flow rates may be such as up to or greater than about 14 L/min, orup to about 15 L/min, or up to about 16 L/min, or up to about 17 L/min,or up to about 18 L/min, or up to about 19 L/min, or up to about 20L/min, or up to about 21 L/min, or up to about 22 L/min, or up to about23 L/min, or up to about 24 L/min, or up to about 25 L/min, or up toabout 26 L/min, or up to about 27 L/min, or up to about 28 L/min, or upto about 29 L/min, or up to about 30 L/min, or up to about 31 L/min, orup to about 32 L/min, or up to about 33 L/min, or up to about 34 L/min,or up to about 35 L/min, or up to about 36 L/min, or up to about 37L/min, or up to about 38 L/min, or up to about 39 L/min, or up to about40 L/min, or up to about 41 L/min, or up to about 42 L/min, or up toabout 43 L/min, or up to about 44 L/min, or up to about 45 L/min, or upto about 46 L/min, or up to about 47 L/min, or up to about 48 L/min, orup to about 49 L/min, or up to about 50 L/min, or about 14 L/min toabout 50 L/min, or about 14 L/min to about 45 L/min, or about 14 L/minto about 40 L/min, or about 14 L/min to about 35 L/min or about 14 L/minto about 30 L/min, or about 14 L/min to about 25 L/min, or about 14L/min to about 20 L/min, or less than about 50 L/min, or less than about45 L/min, or less than about 40 L/min, or less than about 35 L/min, orless than about 30 L/min, or less than about 25 L/min, or less thanabout 20 L/min.

The foregoing description of the invention includes preferred formsthereof. Modifications may be made thereto without departing from thescope of the invention.

1. A patient interface comprising: a first nasal interfacing componentto be provided in fluid communication with a user's first nare, and anassociated first conduit provided for an independent and/or dedicatedfluid connection with the first nasal interfacing component; a secondnasal interfacing component to be provided in fluid communication with auser's second nare, and an associated second conduit provided for anindependent and/or dedicated fluid connection with the second nasalinterfacing component; wherein one of either: the first nasalinterfacing component with said associated first conduit, or the secondnasal interfacing component with said associated second conduit isconfigured as a sole inspiratory line or conduit for delivery of asource of gases to one of the user's nares, and wherein the other of theone of the first nasal interfacing component with said associated firstconduit or the second nasal interfacing component with said associatedsecond conduit, is configured as a sole expiratory line or conduit forreceiving gases from the other one of the user's nares.
 2. The interfaceas claimed in claim 1, wherein the first nasal interface component isconfigured for interfacing with or partial insertion into the user'sfirst nare.
 3. The interface as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein thesecond nasal interface component is configured for interfacing with orpartial insertion into the user's second nare.
 4. The interface asclaimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first nasal interfacecomponent is configured for substantially sealingly engaging orinterfacing with the user's first nare.
 5. The interface as claimed inany one of claims 1-4, wherein the second nasal interface component isconfigured for substantially sealingly engaging or interfacing with theuser's second nare.
 6. The interface as claimed in any one of claims1-5, wherein the first and second nasal interface components eachcomprise of a sealing member for substantially sealing with the nares ofa user.
 7. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, whereineach of the first and second nasal interface components are shaped orformed to substantially provide for a seal with the nares of a user. 8.The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first andsecond nasal interface components are nasal prongs comprising a seal orseal component or seal feature for substantially sealing with the naresof a user.
 9. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, whereinsaid patient interface comprises a partition between the first nasalinterfacing component and the second nasal interfacing component. 10.The interface as claimed in claim 9, wherein the partition provides fora mechanical fluid disconnection between a fluid flow path of the firstnasal interfacing component and a fluid flow path of the second nasalinterfacing component.
 11. The interface as claimed in claim 9 or 10,wherein the partition provides for an adjustable or controllablemechanical fluid connection and/or disconnection between a fluid flowpath of the first nasal interfacing component and a fluid flow path ofthe second nasal interfacing component.
 12. The interface as claimed inany one of claims 9-11, wherein the partition comprises a valve.
 13. Theinterface as claimed in any one of claims 9-12, wherein the partitionprovides for an adjustment of a bias flow of the source of gases to saidfirst and/or said second nasal interface components.
 14. The interfaceas claimed in any one of claims 1-13, wherein a diverter valve fluidlyconnects the source of gases to one of: the first conduit and the firstnasal interface component, or the second conduit and the second nasalinterface component to provide the inspiratory line or conduit.
 15. Theinterface as claimed in claim 14, wherein the diverter valve fluidlyconnects gases received from one of the first or second nasal interfacecomponents via an associated first or second conduit to provide theexpiratory line or conduit.
 16. The interface as claimed in any one ofclaims 1-15, wherein the associated conduit for an inspiratory line orconduit is connectable to an air source or another gases source, and theassociated conduit for an expiratory line or conduit is connectable to adownstream component or device.
 17. The interface as claimed in any oneof claims 1-13, wherein a diverter valve is operable to divert thesource of gases to one of the first conduit and the first nasalinterface component or the second conduit and the second nasal interfacecomponent.
 18. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 13-17,wherein the diverter valve is used to selectively determine: either thefirst conduit or the second conduit as the inspiratory line or conduitfor delivery of a source of gases to either the first nasal interfacecomponent or the second nasal interface component, and either the firstconduit or the second conduit as the expiratory line or conduit forsubsequent receipt of gases from either the first nasal interfacecomponent or the second nasal interface component.
 19. The interface asclaimed in any one of claims 13-18, wherein the diverter valve isoperable to allow the alternation of the delivery of the source of gasesto one of either a user's first nare or a user's second nare.
 20. Theinterface as claimed in any one of claims 13-19, wherein the divertervalve is operable to allow the delivery of the source of gases in asynchronised manner with a user's nasal cycle (such as a user's naturalalternation of increased or reduced congestion between each of theuser's nares).
 21. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 13-20,wherein the diverter valve fluidly connects the expiratory line orconduit with a downstream device (such as a CPAP bubbler or other devicecreating a back-pressure of the gases in the expiratory line orconduit), or connects to a return port of a gases source.
 22. Theinterface as claimed in any one of claims 1-21, wherein a detector of apressure or a flow of gases in the expiratory line or conduit is used asan indicator of a leak or a loss of gases therapy being provided to theuser.
 23. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-22, wherein aconduit in fluid communication with the expiratory line or conduit, orthe first conduit or the second conduit when provided as, or as part of,the expiratory line or conduit, comprises an indicator.
 24. Theinterface as claimed in claim 23, wherein the indicator is capable ofchanging colour to provide a visual indicator of one or more of thefollowing characteristics or qualities of an expiratory gases: carbondioxide, temperature, humidity, pressure.
 25. The interface as claimedin any one of claims 1-24, wherein a pressure sensor (such as a pressuregauge) is coupled to the expiratory line or conduit to provide a signalor indicator of the pressure provided to a user or a user's airway or ofthe gases in the expiratory line or conduit.
 26. The interface asclaimed in claim 25, wherein the signal generates one or more of: avisual output, an audible output, an alarm if a sensed pressure is aboveor below a threshold pressure value.
 27. The interface as claimed in anyone of claims 1-26, wherein a first sensor comprising of a pressuresensor is associated with the inspiratory line or conduit and a secondsensor comprising of a pressure sensor is associated with the expiratoryline or conduit.
 28. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-27,wherein a single pressure sensor is provided for sampling the pressurein one or more of: an inspiratory line or conduit or an expiratory lineor conduit or from a bias flow substantially at a bridge portion of saidinterface, said sampled pressure providing for an approximation of apatient airway pressure.
 29. The interface as claimed in any one ofclaims 1-28, wherein a difference in pressure between gases in theinspiratory line or conduit and gases in the expiratory line or conduit,or a measure of average pressure across the user's nares, isdetermined/measured.
 30. The interface as claimed in any one of claim1-29, wherein said patient interface comprises a retention system forretaining said interface upon a user's face.
 31. The interface asclaimed in claim 30, wherein said retention system is an associatedtwo-part releasable connection arrangement, such that said interface canbe positioned upon the user's face and removed and re-positioned asneeded.
 32. The interface as claimed in claim 31, wherein a first partof the two-part releasable connection arrangement is a dermal patch tobe located upon a user's face, and a second part of the two-partreleasable connection arrangement is an interface patch to be located ona user-facing side of the patient interface.
 33. The interface asclaimed in claim 32, wherein the interface patch is connected orattached to a user-facing side of the interface, the user-facing side ofthe interface patch comprising of a part of the two-part releasableconnection arrangement being releasably connectable or attachable to aninterface-facing side of the dermal patch, the interface-facing side ofthe dermal patch comprising the other of the two-part releasableconnection arrangement and being receivable of the user-facing side ofthe interface patch.
 34. The interface as claimed in any one of claims1-33, wherein a body of said interface comprises at least one elementresponsive to force(s) or movement(s), or both, experienced by at leasta first region of the patient interface; optionally or alternativelywherein the body includes at least one element responsive to force(s) ormovement(s), or both, experienced by at least a first region of thepatient interface from being transferred to at least one other region ofthe patient interface.
 35. The interface as claimed in claim 34, whereinsaid element comprises one or a combination of any of the following:hinges, pivots, articulated joints or articulately connected portions ofthe body or portions associated with the body, swivels, ball-and-sockettype joints, pin-in-barrel type joints, materials which are relativelyless flexible than other portions of the interface, materials which arerelatively more flexible than other portions of the interface, materialsof characteristics which change upon application of a force or movement,such as by increasing their resistance to the applied force or movement(or both), or by reducing their resistance to the applied force ormovement (or both), or materials which are elastically deformable inresponse to the applied force or movement (or both), or materials whichare preferentially deformable in particular or predetermined geometriesand yet which may optionally resistant to deformation in otherparticular or predetermined geometries.
 36. The interface as claimed inclaim 34 or 35, wherein said element is one or more of the following: apivot (or swivel) or region capable of pivoting (or swivelling), or ahinge or a hinged region or region capable of being hinged relative toanother component of the interface or another region of the interface,or an articulation or articulated joint or region capable of beingarticulated.
 37. The interface as claimed in any one of claims 1-36,wherein the retention system is a headgear, the headgear being sizeadjustable for a user's head.
 38. The interface as claimed in any one ofclaims 1-37, wherein one or more medicaments is/are deliverable to theinspiratory line or conduit or to a nasal interfacing component whenprovided as part of an inspiratory line or conduit.
 39. The interface asclaimed in claim 38, wherein said one or more medicaments is/areatomized or nebulized for delivery into a flow of gases in theinspiratory line or conduit or into a gases flow path of a nasalinterfacing component when operable as part of an inspiratory line orconduit.
 40. A patient interface comprising: a pair of nasal interfacingcomponents, one of the pair configured for sole inspiratory gasesdelivery to one of a user's nares and the other of the pair configuredfor sole expiratory gases received from the other of the user's nares; avalve operable to selectively control which one of the pair of nasalinterfacing components is to provide the inspiratory gases to the userand which one of the pair of nasal interfacing components is to receiveexpiratory gases from the user.
 41. The patient interface as claimed inclaim 40, wherein in a first mode, the valve is operable to allowinspiratory gases to be delivered to a first of a pair of nasalinterfacing components and allows a second of the pair of nasalinterfacing components to receive expiratory gases from the user; and ina second mode, the valve is operable to allow inspiratory gases to bedelivered to a second of pair of nasal interfacing components and allowsa first of the pair of nasal interfacing components to receiveexpiratory gases from the user.
 42. The patient interface as claimed in41, wherein in a further mode the valve is operable to allow inspiratorygases to be delivered to both (or the pair) of nasal interfacingcomponents, optionally the valve facilitates a switching between each ofthe first, second and the further modes.
 43. The patient interface asclaimed in any one of claims 40-42, when dependent on any one of claims1-39.
 44. A system comprising a gases source, a conduit provided as aninspiratory line or conduit, and a patient interface as defined in anyone of claims 1-39 or any one of claims 40-43.
 45. The system as claimedin claim 44, wherein the gases source is a pressurized gases deliveredsource, such as via blower or ventilator.
 46. The system as claimed inclaim 44 or 45, provided as a medical breathing circuit, where thecircuit is a closed system or circuit.
 47. The system as claimed in anyone of claims 44-46, wherein the system provides for a CPAP deliverysystem.
 48. The system as claimed in any one of claims 44-47, whereinthe system provided includes a component fluidly connected to, or influid communication with an expiratory line or conduit or an associatedconduit of an expiratory line or conduit.
 49. The system as claimed inany one of claims 44-48, wherein an expiratory line or conduit can befluidly coupled to a downstream component or device configured toprovide for a pre-determined or an adjustable back-pressure or a PEEPsubstantially at the opening of said nasal interfacing componentprovided as the expiratory line or conduit for the user.
 50. A method ofdelivering a unidirectional gases flow through a dedicated inlet nasalinterfacing component and communicating an exhaled flow away via adedicated outlet nasal interfacing structure, such that the gases flowturns or changes direction within a user's nasal passage(s).
 51. Themethod as claimed in claim 50, wherein both of the nasal interfacingcomponents are configured for sealing with a user's nares.
 52. Themethod as claimed in claim 50 or 51, wherein the unidirectional gasesflow can be selectively directed to either a first nasal interfacingcomponent or a second interfacing component, the nasal interfacingcomponent selected becoming the dedicated inlet nasal interfacingcomponent, and the other of the nasal interfacing components becomingthe dedicated outlet nasal interfacing component.
 53. The method asclaimed in any one of claims 50-52, wherein a flow diverter is operableto selectively divert the gases flow to either of the first nasalinterfacing component or the second interfacing component.
 54. Themethod as claimed in any one of claims 50-53, wherein a partition orfluid path controller is operable to facilitate a fluid connectionbetween each of the first nasal interfacing component and the secondinterfacing component. Wherein the partition or fluid path controller isoperable to control or adjust a bias flow of the gases flow beingdelivered to the nasal interfacing components.
 55. A method ofadministering a gases therapy to a user comprising: delivering a firstflow of gases to a first nasal interfacing component as an inspiratoryflow, said first nasal interfacing component provided in fluidcommunication with a first of a user's nares; receiving a second flow ofgases from a second nasal interfacing component as an expiratory flow,said second nasal interfacing component provided in fluid communicationwith a second of a user's nares; controlling the expiratory flow. 56.The method as claimed in claim 55, wherein the expiratory flow iscontrolled according to any one or more of the following gasesparameters: pressure, flow rate.
 57. The method as claimed in claim 55or 56, wherein the expiratory flow is controlled to provide for anupstream parameter according to any one or more of: pressure, flow rate.58. The method as claimed in any one of claims 55-57, wherein theparameter to be controlled influences the gases pressure provided to orexperienced by a user's airway.
 59. The method as claimed in any one ofclaims 55-58, wherein the gases therapy delivered to the user is a CPAPgases therapy.
 60. The method as claimed in any one of claims 55-59,wherein the expiratory flow (or optionally the inspiratory flow) iscontrolled by or directed to one or more of: a bubbler or a bubble CPAPdevice or another pressure regulator, for regulation of the pressureprovided to a user or experienced by a user's airway; a ventilation orresuscitation device, such as for provision of any one or more of thefollowing gases therapies for the user, including but not limited to, acontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), BiPAP, NiPPV; a flowgeneration device or flow driver, such as for provision of a desiredgases therapy for the user, including but not limited to, a SiPAP.